@article{paine_cuban_1992,
	title = {Cuban {Laurel} {Thrips} ({Thysanoptera}: {Phlaeothripidae}) {Biology} in {Southern} {California}: {Seasonal} {Abundance}, {Temperature} {Dependent} {Development}, {Leaf} {Suitability}, and {Predation}},
	volume = {85},
	issn = {1938-2901, 0013-8746},
	shorttitle = {Cuban {Laurel} {Thrips} ({Thysanoptera}},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/85.2.164},
	doi = {10.1093/aesa/85.2.164},
	abstract = {Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal, the Cuban laurel thrips, reproduces within leaf galls formed as a result of feeding on young Ficus microcarpa leaves. Populations of thrips peak within mature galls during summer and again during winter. New galls are formed from midsummer through the fall, but not during the remainder of the year even though susceptible leaves are present. Development times from egg to adult ranged from 48.99 d at 15°C to 16 d at 30°C. Lower and upper temperature thresholds were observed at 12 and 35°C, suggesting that spring temperatures are not limiting thrips development. Infested young leaves were higher in soluble protein and total nitrogen but lower in latex content than infested mature leaves, indicating that young foliage is more suitable for thrips than mature foliage. In addition, the mature leaf galls were colonized by the predators Chrysoperla carnea (Stevens) and Macrotrachiella nigra Parshley. Both predaceous species consumed more adult thrips than immatures in preference tests; the number of individuals consumed within a 24-h feeding trial suggests that the predators may cause significant mortality within the mature galls. A slower rate of leaf expansion during the winter and spring combined with unsuitable environmental conditions for adult thrips outside the rolled leaves may limit the successful formation of leaf galls.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2017-08-10},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	author = {Paine, Timothy D.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1992},
	pages = {164--172}
}

{"_id":"iwrHSHXR7PgFFNayM","bibbaseid":"paine-cubanlaurelthripsthysanopteraphlaeothripidaebiologyinsoutherncaliforniaseasonalabundancetemperaturedependentdevelopmentleafsuitabilityandpredation-1992","authorIDs":[],"author_short":["Paine, T. D."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Cuban Laurel Thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) Biology in Southern California: Seasonal Abundance, Temperature Dependent Development, Leaf Suitability, and Predation","volume":"85","issn":"1938-2901, 0013-8746","shorttitle":"Cuban Laurel Thrips (Thysanoptera","url":"https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/85.2.164","doi":"10.1093/aesa/85.2.164","abstract":"Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal, the Cuban laurel thrips, reproduces within leaf galls formed as a result of feeding on young Ficus microcarpa leaves. Populations of thrips peak within mature galls during summer and again during winter. New galls are formed from midsummer through the fall, but not during the remainder of the year even though susceptible leaves are present. Development times from egg to adult ranged from 48.99 d at 15°C to 16 d at 30°C. Lower and upper temperature thresholds were observed at 12 and 35°C, suggesting that spring temperatures are not limiting thrips development. Infested young leaves were higher in soluble protein and total nitrogen but lower in latex content than infested mature leaves, indicating that young foliage is more suitable for thrips than mature foliage. In addition, the mature leaf galls were colonized by the predators Chrysoperla carnea (Stevens) and Macrotrachiella nigra Parshley. Both predaceous species consumed more adult thrips than immatures in preference tests; the number of individuals consumed within a 24-h feeding trial suggests that the predators may cause significant mortality within the mature galls. A slower rate of leaf expansion during the winter and spring combined with unsuitable environmental conditions for adult thrips outside the rolled leaves may limit the successful formation of leaf galls.","language":"en","number":"2","urldate":"2017-08-10","journal":"Annals of the Entomological Society of America","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Paine"],"firstnames":["Timothy","D."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"March","year":"1992","pages":"164–172","bibtex":"@article{paine_cuban_1992,\n\ttitle = {Cuban {Laurel} {Thrips} ({Thysanoptera}: {Phlaeothripidae}) {Biology} in {Southern} {California}: {Seasonal} {Abundance}, {Temperature} {Dependent} {Development}, {Leaf} {Suitability}, and {Predation}},\n\tvolume = {85},\n\tissn = {1938-2901, 0013-8746},\n\tshorttitle = {Cuban {Laurel} {Thrips} ({Thysanoptera}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/85.2.164},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/aesa/85.2.164},\n\tabstract = {Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal, the Cuban laurel thrips, reproduces within leaf galls formed as a result of feeding on young Ficus microcarpa leaves. Populations of thrips peak within mature galls during summer and again during winter. New galls are formed from midsummer through the fall, but not during the remainder of the year even though susceptible leaves are present. Development times from egg to adult ranged from 48.99 d at 15°C to 16 d at 30°C. Lower and upper temperature thresholds were observed at 12 and 35°C, suggesting that spring temperatures are not limiting thrips development. Infested young leaves were higher in soluble protein and total nitrogen but lower in latex content than infested mature leaves, indicating that young foliage is more suitable for thrips than mature foliage. In addition, the mature leaf galls were colonized by the predators Chrysoperla carnea (Stevens) and Macrotrachiella nigra Parshley. Both predaceous species consumed more adult thrips than immatures in preference tests; the number of individuals consumed within a 24-h feeding trial suggests that the predators may cause significant mortality within the mature galls. A slower rate of leaf expansion during the winter and spring combined with unsuitable environmental conditions for adult thrips outside the rolled leaves may limit the successful formation of leaf galls.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2017-08-10},\n\tjournal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},\n\tauthor = {Paine, Timothy D.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tpages = {164--172}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Paine, T. D."],"key":"paine_cuban_1992","id":"paine_cuban_1992","bibbaseid":"paine-cubanlaurelthripsthysanopteraphlaeothripidaebiologyinsoutherncaliforniaseasonalabundancetemperaturedependentdevelopmentleafsuitabilityandpredation-1992","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/85.2.164"},"downloads":0,"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2520384/items?key=axXEhVlBUnltrZujRGzSf9Gf&format=bibtex&limit=100","creationDate":"2020-06-16T12:04:35.402Z","downloads":0,"keywords":[],"search_terms":["cuban","laurel","thrips","thysanoptera","phlaeothripidae","biology","southern","california","seasonal","abundance","temperature","dependent","development","leaf","suitability","predation","paine"],"title":"Cuban Laurel Thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) Biology in Southern California: Seasonal Abundance, Temperature Dependent Development, Leaf Suitability, and Predation","year":1992,"dataSources":["eXSvZsjbBrNq7CsWs"]}