Correlates of Problematic Internet Use among college and university students in eight countries: An international cross-sectional study. Pal Singh Balhara, Y., Doric, A., Stevanovic, D., Knez, R., Singh, S., Roy Chowdhury, M. R., Kafali, H. Y., Sharma, P., Vally, Z., Vi Vu, T., Arya, S., Mahendru, A., Ransing, R., Erzin, G., & Le Thi Cam Hong Le, H. Asian journal of psychiatry, 45(101517820):113–120, 2019. Pal Singh Balhara, Yatan. Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Behavioral Addictions Clinic (BAC), Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. Electronic address: Ypsbalhara@gmail.Com. Doric, Ana. Professional Associate, Center for Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Croatia. Electronic address: ana.djoric.cpp@uniri.hr. Stevanovic, Dejan. Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Dr Subotica 6a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: stevanovic.dejan79@gmail.com. Knez, Rajna. Department of Women's and Children's health, Skaraborgs Hospital, Skovde, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Bla straket 15, 413 45 Goteborg, Sweden. Electronic address: rajna.knez@gu.se. Singh, Swarndeep. Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi,India. Electronic address: sevisingh@gmail.com. Roy Chowdhury, Mita Rani. Clinical Psychologist and UNDSS External Counselor, Bangladesh. Electronic address: rcmita@yahoo.com. Kafali, Helin Yilmaz. Ankara Children's Hematology and Oncology Training and Research Hospital Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: helinyilmaz136@gmail.com. Sharma, Pawan. Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Electronic address: pawan60@gmail.com. Vally, Zahir. Assistant Professor, Psychology & Counseling - (CHSS), United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: zahir.vally@uaeu.ac.ae. Vi Vu, Tuong. South Vietnam HIV Addiction Technical Transfer Centre - University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: tuongvipac@gmail.com. Arya, Sidharth. Postdoctoral fellow in Addiction Medicine & Senior Resident Centre for Addiction Medicine, National institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bengaluru, India. Electronic address: draryasid3188@gmail.com. Mahendru, Aishita. Clinical Psychologist, South Asian University, India. Electronic address: ashita@ashitamahendru.com. Ransing, Ramdas. Department of Psychiatry, B K L Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Ratnagiri - 415 606, Maharashtra, India. Electronic address: ramdas_ransing123@yahoo.co.in. Erzin, Gamze. Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. Electronic address: gamze.erzin@gmail.com. Le Thi Cam Hong Le, Huynh. Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: hong.le@ump.edu.vn.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Internet use has increased worldwide exponentially over the past two decades, with no up-to-date cross-country comparison of Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and its correlates available. The present study aimed to explore the pattern and correlates of PIU across different countries in the European and the Asian continent. Further, the stability of factors associated with PIU across different countries were assessed., MATERIALS AND METHODS: An international, cross-sectional study with a total of 2749 participants recruited from universities/colleges of eight countries: Bangladesh, Croatia, India, Nepal, Turkey, Serbia, Vietnam, and United Arab Emirates (UAE). Participants completed the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale -2 (GPIUS2) assessing PIU, and the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) assessing the depressive and anxiety symptoms., RESULTS: A total of 2643 participants (mean age 21.3+/-2.6; 63% females) were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of PIU for the entire sample was 8.4% (range 1.6% to 12.6%). The mean GPIUS2 standardized scores were significantly higher among participants from the five Asian countries when compared to the three European countries. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were the most stable and strongest factors associated with PIU across different countries and cultures., DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The PIU is an important emerging mental health condition among college/university going young adults, with psychological distress being the strongest and most stable correlate of PIU across different countries and cultures in this study. The present study highlighted the importance of screening university and college students for PIU. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
@article{pal_singh_balhara_correlates_2019,
	title = {Correlates of {Problematic} {Internet} {Use} among college and university students in eight countries: {An} international cross-sectional study.},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {1876-2026},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2019.09.004},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Internet use has increased worldwide exponentially over the past two decades, with no up-to-date cross-country comparison of Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and its correlates available. The present study aimed to explore the pattern and correlates of PIU across different countries in the European and the Asian continent. Further, the stability of factors associated with PIU across different countries were assessed., MATERIALS AND METHODS: An international, cross-sectional study with a total of 2749 participants recruited from universities/colleges of eight countries: Bangladesh, Croatia, India, Nepal, Turkey, Serbia, Vietnam, and United Arab Emirates (UAE). Participants completed the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale -2 (GPIUS2) assessing PIU, and the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) assessing the depressive and anxiety symptoms., RESULTS: A total of 2643 participants (mean age 21.3+/-2.6; 63\% females) were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of PIU for the entire sample was 8.4\% (range 1.6\% to 12.6\%). The mean GPIUS2 standardized scores were significantly higher among participants from the five Asian countries when compared to the three European countries. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were the most stable and strongest factors associated with PIU across different countries and cultures., DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The PIU is an important emerging mental health condition among college/university going young adults, with psychological distress being the strongest and most stable correlate of PIU across different countries and cultures in this study. The present study highlighted the importance of screening university and college students for PIU. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	number = {101517820},
	journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry},
	author = {Pal Singh Balhara, Yatan and Doric, Ana and Stevanovic, Dejan and Knez, Rajna and Singh, Swarndeep and Roy Chowdhury, Mita Rani and Kafali, Helin Yilmaz and Sharma, Pawan and Vally, Zahir and Vi Vu, Tuong and Arya, Sidharth and Mahendru, Aishita and Ransing, Ramdas and Erzin, Gamze and Le Thi Cam Hong Le, Huynh},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Pal Singh Balhara, Yatan. Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Behavioral Addictions Clinic (BAC), Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. Electronic address: Ypsbalhara@gmail.Com.
Doric, Ana. Professional Associate, Center for Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Croatia. Electronic address: ana.djoric.cpp@uniri.hr.
Stevanovic, Dejan. Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Dr Subotica 6a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: stevanovic.dejan79@gmail.com.
Knez, Rajna. Department of Women's and Children's health, Skaraborgs Hospital, Skovde, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Bla straket 15, 413 45 Goteborg, Sweden. Electronic address: rajna.knez@gu.se.
Singh, Swarndeep. Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi,India. Electronic address: sevisingh@gmail.com.
Roy Chowdhury, Mita Rani. Clinical Psychologist and UNDSS External Counselor, Bangladesh. Electronic address: rcmita@yahoo.com.
Kafali, Helin Yilmaz. Ankara Children's Hematology and Oncology Training and Research Hospital Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: helinyilmaz136@gmail.com.
Sharma, Pawan. Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Electronic address: pawan60@gmail.com.
Vally, Zahir. Assistant Professor, Psychology \& Counseling - (CHSS), United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: zahir.vally@uaeu.ac.ae.
Vi Vu, Tuong. South Vietnam HIV Addiction Technical Transfer Centre - University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: tuongvipac@gmail.com.
Arya, Sidharth. Postdoctoral fellow in Addiction Medicine \& Senior Resident Centre for Addiction Medicine, National institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bengaluru, India. Electronic address: draryasid3188@gmail.com.
Mahendru, Aishita. Clinical Psychologist, South Asian University, India. Electronic address: ashita@ashitamahendru.com.
Ransing, Ramdas. Department of Psychiatry, B K L Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Ratnagiri - 415 606, Maharashtra, India. Electronic address: ramdas\_ransing123@yahoo.co.in.
Erzin, Gamze. Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. Electronic address: gamze.erzin@gmail.com.
Le Thi Cam Hong Le, Huynh. Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: hong.le@ump.edu.vn.},
	pages = {113--120},
}

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