Availability, Usage, and Deployment Characteristics of the Domain Name System. Pang, J., Hendricks, J., Akella, A., Maggs, B., Prisco, R. D., & Seshan, S. 10/2004 2004.
Availability, Usage, and Deployment Characteristics of the Domain Name System [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical part of the Internet\textquoterights infrastructure, and is one of the few examples of a robust, highly-scalable, and operational distributed system. Although a few studies have been devoted to characterizing its properties, such as its workload and the stability of the top-level servers, many key components of DNS have not yet been examined. Based on large-scale measurements taken fromservers in a large content distribution network, we present a detailed study of key characteristics of the DNS infrastructure, such as load distribution, availability, and deployment patterns of DNS servers. Our analysis includes both local DNS servers and servers in the authoritative hierarchy. We find that (1) the vast majority of users use a small fraction of deployed name servers, (2) the availability of most name servers is high, and (3) there exists a larger degree of diversity in local DNS server deployment and usage than for authoritative servers. Furthermore, we use our DNS measurements to draw conclusions about federated infrastructures in general. We evaluate and discuss the impact of federated deployment models on future systems, such as Distributed Hash Tables.
@conference {2004.Pang.imc.dns,
	title = {Availability, Usage, and Deployment Characteristics of the Domain Name System},
	booktitle = {IMC{\textquoteright}04 - Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement},
	year = {2004},
	month = {10/2004},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {Taormina, Sicily, Italy},
	abstract = {The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical part of the Internet{\textquoteright}s infrastructure, and is one of the few examples of a robust, highly-scalable, and operational distributed system. Although a few studies have been devoted to characterizing its properties, such as its workload and the stability of the top-level servers, many key components of DNS have not yet been examined. Based on large-scale measurements taken fromservers in a large content distribution network, we present a detailed study of key characteristics of the DNS infrastructure, such as load distribution, availability, and deployment patterns of DNS servers. Our analysis includes both local DNS servers and servers in the authoritative hierarchy. We find that (1) the vast majority of users use a small fraction of deployed name servers, (2) the availability of most name servers is high, and (3) there exists a larger degree of diversity in local DNS server deployment and usage than for authoritative servers. Furthermore, we use our DNS measurements to draw conclusions about federated infrastructures in general. We evaluate and discuss the impact of federated deployment models on future systems, such as Distributed Hash Tables.},
	keywords = {availability, DNS, federated},
	isbn = {1-58113-821-0},
	doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1028788.1028790},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1028788.1028790},
	author = {Jeffrey Pang and James Hendricks and Aditya Akella and Bruce Maggs and Roberto De Prisco and Seshan, Srinivasan}
}

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