@article{Parihar2021,
abstract = {In tuberculosis, T cell-mediated immunity is extensively studied whilst B cells received limited attention in humans and mice. Of interest, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) does increase IL-4 Receptor-alpha (IL4Ra) expression in murine B cells. To better understand the role of IL4Ra expression in B cells, we compared wild type mice with B cell-specific IL4Ra-deficient mice (mb1creIL-4R$\alpha$-/lox mice) to understand the role of IL-4R$\alpha$ signaling in B cells. Chronic Mtb aerosol infection in mb1creIL-4R$\alpha$-/lox mice reduced lung and spleen bacterial burdens, compared to littermate (IL-4R$\alpha$-/lox) control animals. Consequently, lung pathology, inflammation, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were reduced in the lungs of mb1creIL-4R$\alpha$-/lox mice, which was also accompanied by increased lung IgA and decreased IgG1 levels. Furthermore, intratracheal adoptive transfer of wild-type B cells into B cell-specific IL4Ra-deficient mice reversed the protective phenotype. Moreover, using constitutively mCherry expressing Mtb we showed decreased association with B cells from mb1creIL-4R$\alpha$-/lox mice ex vivo. In addition, supernatants from Mtb-exposed B cells of mb1creIL-4R$\alpha$-/lox mice also increased the ability of macrophages to produce nitric oxide, IL-1$\beta$, and IL-6. Together, this demonstrates that IL-4-responsive B cells are detrimental during the chronic phase of tuberculosis in mice with perturbed antibody profiles, inflammatory cytokines and stat1 levels in the lungs.},
author = {Parihar, Suraj P and Ozturk, Mumin and H{\"{o}}ft, Maxine A and Chia, Julius E and Guler, Reto and Keeton, Roanne and van Rensburg, Ilana C and Loxton, Andre G and Brombacher, Frank},
doi = {10.3389/FIMMU.2021.611673},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Parihar et al. - 2021 - IL-4-responsive B cells are detrimental during chronic tuberculosis infection in mice.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1664-3224},
journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
keywords = {B cells,IL-4RA,Mice (balb/c),OA,OA{\_}PMC,TB,fund{\_}ack,human,original},
mendeley-tags = {OA,OA{\_}PMC,fund{\_}ack,original},
month = {jun},
pages = {611673},
pmid = {34220793},
publisher = {Frontiers},
title = {{IL-4-responsive B cells are detrimental during chronic tuberculosis infection in mice}},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.611673/full},
volume = {12},
year = {2021}
}

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Chronic Mtb aerosol infection in mb1creIL-4R$α$-/lox mice reduced lung and spleen bacterial burdens, compared to littermate (IL-4R$α$-/lox) control animals. Consequently, lung pathology, inflammation, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were reduced in the lungs of mb1creIL-4R$α$-/lox mice, which was also accompanied by increased lung IgA and decreased IgG1 levels. Furthermore, intratracheal adoptive transfer of wild-type B cells into B cell-specific IL4Ra-deficient mice reversed the protective phenotype. Moreover, using constitutively mCherry expressing Mtb we showed decreased association with B cells from mb1creIL-4R$α$-/lox mice ex vivo. In addition, supernatants from Mtb-exposed B cells of mb1creIL-4R$α$-/lox mice also increased the ability of macrophages to produce nitric oxide, IL-1$β$, and IL-6. Together, this demonstrates that IL-4-responsive B cells are detrimental during the chronic phase of tuberculosis in mice with perturbed antibody profiles, inflammatory cytokines and stat1 levels in the lungs.","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Parihar"],"firstnames":["Suraj","P"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ozturk"],"firstnames":["Mumin"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Höft"],"firstnames":["Maxine","A"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Chia"],"firstnames":["Julius","E"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Guler"],"firstnames":["Reto"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Keeton"],"firstnames":["Roanne"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["van"],"lastnames":["Rensburg"],"firstnames":["Ilana","C"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Loxton"],"firstnames":["Andre","G"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Brombacher"],"firstnames":["Frank"],"suffixes":[]}],"doi":"10.3389/FIMMU.2021.611673","file":":C$\\$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Parihar et al. - 2021 - IL-4-responsive B cells are detrimental during chronic tuberculosis infection in mice.pdf:pdf","issn":"1664-3224","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","keywords":"B cells,IL-4RA,Mice (balb/c),OA,OA_PMC,TB,fund_ack,human,original","mendeley-tags":"OA,OA_PMC,fund_ack,original","month":"jun","pages":"611673","pmid":"34220793","publisher":"Frontiers","title":"IL-4-responsive B cells are detrimental during chronic tuberculosis infection in mice","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.611673/full","volume":"12","year":"2021","bibtex":"@article{Parihar2021,\r\nabstract = {In tuberculosis, T cell-mediated immunity is extensively studied whilst B cells received limited attention in humans and mice. 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