@TechReport{Park11b,
	author = 	"Unkyu Park and John Heidemann",
	title = 	"Data Muling with Mobile Phones for Sensornets",
	institution = 	"USC/Information Sciences Institute",
	year = 		2011,
	sortdate = "2011-07-01",
	project = "ilense, siss, cisoft",
	jsubject = "chronological",
	month = 	jul,
	number = "ISI-TR-2011-673b",
	location = 	"johnh: pafile",
	note = "This report was released in July and updated in August
                  with minor editorial changes.",
	keywords = 	"data muling, sensornet, cisoft, gps",
	url =		"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Park11b.html",
	pdfurl =	"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Park11b.pdf",
	myorganization =	"USC/Information Sciences Institute",
	copyrightholder = "authors",
	abstract = "
Sensors are all around us, in buildings, vehicles and public places,
from commodity thermostats to custom sensornets.  Yet today these
sensors are often disconnected from the world, either because they are
distant from infrastructure, and wide-area networking (by 3G cellular,
satellite, or other approaches) is too expensive to justify.  Data
muling makes communication cost-effective by leveraging short-range
wireless and mobility, perhaps by zebras, buses or farmworkers.  In
this paper we propose that \emph{human-carried mobile phones} can
serve as data mules for sensornet deployments, exploiting ubiquity of
mobile phones and human mobility to bring low-cost communication to
sensors.  We use two mobile phone datasets to show that Bluetooth can
serve as a viable muling network, and humans already see many
potential sensors regularly.  We have implemented a mobile-phone-based
data muling system, and used it in four sensornet deployments totaling
ten months operation.  We find that muling can be the only
cost-effective option for rural deployments, where it is critical to
monitoring remote sensor networks.  We also show opportunistic
mobility can collect data without any extra effort in residential and
office environments.  Finally, we systematically evaluate our
deployments to understand how contact duration and data size interact,
and to evaluate the effect of muling on phone batteries.
",
}

{"_id":"APXHJP9bP3eGWAPpD","bibbaseid":"park-heidemann-datamulingwithmobilephonesforsensornets-2011","author_short":["Park, U.","Heidemann, J."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"techreport","type":"techreport","author":[{"firstnames":["Unkyu"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Park"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["John"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Heidemann"],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Data Muling with Mobile Phones for Sensornets","institution":"USC/Information Sciences Institute","year":"2011","sortdate":"2011-07-01","project":"ilense, siss, cisoft","jsubject":"chronological","month":"July","number":"ISI-TR-2011-673b","location":"johnh: pafile","note":"This report was released in July and updated in August with minor editorial changes.","keywords":"data muling, sensornet, cisoft, gps","url":"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Park11b.html","pdfurl":"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Park11b.pdf","myorganization":"USC/Information Sciences Institute","copyrightholder":"authors","abstract":"Sensors are all around us, in buildings, vehicles and public places, from commodity thermostats to custom sensornets. Yet today these sensors are often disconnected from the world, either because they are distant from infrastructure, and wide-area networking (by 3G cellular, satellite, or other approaches) is too expensive to justify. Data muling makes communication cost-effective by leveraging short-range wireless and mobility, perhaps by zebras, buses or farmworkers. In this paper we propose that \\emphhuman-carried mobile phones can serve as data mules for sensornet deployments, exploiting ubiquity of mobile phones and human mobility to bring low-cost communication to sensors. We use two mobile phone datasets to show that Bluetooth can serve as a viable muling network, and humans already see many potential sensors regularly. We have implemented a mobile-phone-based data muling system, and used it in four sensornet deployments totaling ten months operation. We find that muling can be the only cost-effective option for rural deployments, where it is critical to monitoring remote sensor networks. We also show opportunistic mobility can collect data without any extra effort in residential and office environments. Finally, we systematically evaluate our deployments to understand how contact duration and data size interact, and to evaluate the effect of muling on phone batteries. ","bibtex":"@TechReport{Park11b,\n\tauthor = \t\"Unkyu Park and John Heidemann\",\n\ttitle = \t\"Data Muling with Mobile Phones for Sensornets\",\n\tinstitution = \t\"USC/Information Sciences Institute\",\n\tyear = \t\t2011,\n\tsortdate = \"2011-07-01\",\n\tproject = \"ilense, siss, cisoft\",\n\tjsubject = \"chronological\",\n\tmonth = \tjul,\n\tnumber = \"ISI-TR-2011-673b\",\n\tlocation = \t\"johnh: pafile\",\n\tnote = \"This report was released in July and updated in August\n with minor editorial changes.\",\n\tkeywords = \t\"data muling, sensornet, cisoft, gps\",\n\turl =\t\t\"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Park11b.html\",\n\tpdfurl =\t\"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Park11b.pdf\",\n\tmyorganization =\t\"USC/Information Sciences Institute\",\n\tcopyrightholder = \"authors\",\n\tabstract = \"\nSensors are all around us, in buildings, vehicles and public places,\nfrom commodity thermostats to custom sensornets. Yet today these\nsensors are often disconnected from the world, either because they are\ndistant from infrastructure, and wide-area networking (by 3G cellular,\nsatellite, or other approaches) is too expensive to justify. Data\nmuling makes communication cost-effective by leveraging short-range\nwireless and mobility, perhaps by zebras, buses or farmworkers. In\nthis paper we propose that \\emph{human-carried mobile phones} can\nserve as data mules for sensornet deployments, exploiting ubiquity of\nmobile phones and human mobility to bring low-cost communication to\nsensors. We use two mobile phone datasets to show that Bluetooth can\nserve as a viable muling network, and humans already see many\npotential sensors regularly. We have implemented a mobile-phone-based\ndata muling system, and used it in four sensornet deployments totaling\nten months operation. We find that muling can be the only\ncost-effective option for rural deployments, where it is critical to\nmonitoring remote sensor networks. We also show opportunistic\nmobility can collect data without any extra effort in residential and\noffice environments. Finally, we systematically evaluate our\ndeployments to understand how contact duration and data size interact,\nand to evaluate the effect of muling on phone batteries.\n\",\n}\n\n","author_short":["Park, U.","Heidemann, J."],"bibbaseid":"park-heidemann-datamulingwithmobilephonesforsensornets-2011","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Park11b.html"},"keyword":["data muling","sensornet","cisoft","gps"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"techreport","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/f/dHevizJoWEhWowz8q/johnh-2023-2.bib","dataSources":["YLyu3mj3xsBeoqiHK","fLZcDgNSoSuatv6aX","fxEParwu2ZfurScPY","7nuQvtHTqKrLmgu99"],"keywords":["data muling","sensornet","cisoft","gps"],"search_terms":["data","muling","mobile","phones","sensornets","park","heidemann"],"title":"Data Muling with Mobile Phones for Sensornets","year":2011}