The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19. Parolin, Z. & Lee, E., K. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 7:100178, 2022.
The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19 [link]Website  doi  abstract   bibtex   
There were more than 800,000 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths in the United States (U.S) by the end of 2021. The health consequences of COVID-19, however, have not affected all residents equally. In this review, we synthesize recent evidence suggesting that high levels of poverty in the U.S. compared to other high-income countries, as well as historic and ongoing racial/ethnic discrimination, have exacerbated the health consequences of COVID-19, particularly for racial/ethnic minorities. We discuss four mechanisms through which poverty and discrimination affect COVID-19-related health consequences: greater pre-existing health challenges, reduced access to healthcare, lower-quality neighbourhood and housing conditions, and unequal exposure to high-risk occupations. Evidence suggests that economic and policy institutions that contributed to higher pre-pandemic poverty rates in the U.S., particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, have been central determinants of unequal health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
@article{
 title = {The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {100178},
 volume = {7},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2667193X21001745},
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 abstract = {There were more than 800,000 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths in the United States (U.S) by the end of 2021. The health consequences of COVID-19, however, have not affected all residents equally. In this review, we synthesize recent evidence suggesting that high levels of poverty in the U.S. compared to other high-income countries, as well as historic and ongoing racial/ethnic discrimination, have exacerbated the health consequences of COVID-19, particularly for racial/ethnic minorities. We discuss four mechanisms through which poverty and discrimination affect COVID-19-related health consequences: greater pre-existing health challenges, reduced access to healthcare, lower-quality neighbourhood and housing conditions, and unequal exposure to high-risk occupations. Evidence suggests that economic and policy institutions that contributed to higher pre-pandemic poverty rates in the U.S., particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, have been central determinants of unequal health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Parolin, Zachary and Lee, Emma K.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.lana.2021.100178},
 journal = {The Lancet Regional Health - Americas}
}

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