The Sources of Technological Growth. Parthasarathi, A. Economic and Political Weekly, 2(47):2090–2092, December, 1967. abstract bibtex The sequence from invention to innovation involves several closely inter-dependent activities ranging from basic research, applied research, development, design and engineering of prototype or pilot plant, production and marketing to sales and after-sales service. But in the developing countries it is the latter part of the chain—what may be called design, development and engineering (D, D & E) — that is of crucial importance for technological growth. In India this important point has not been grasped so far, mainly because our 'science and technology' budget has never been broken down into its basic, applied and developmental research components. It follows that for innovation to become the motor of progress an increasing number of personnel trained in science and technology have to make their careers not in 'research' but in planning, management, production, marketing and sales. At the level of planning decisions, an area where economists have been far less sure of themselves is that of determining the mix of options in a given technology, especially when the international pool of know-how is subject to rapid change and the outputs are highly heterogeneous in terms of degree of processing, cost and quality. But getting down to such policy-oriented analysis cannot be put off indefinitely.
@article{parthasarathi_sources_1967,
title = {The {Sources} of {Technological} {Growth}},
volume = {2},
abstract = {The sequence from invention to innovation involves several closely inter-dependent activities ranging from basic research, applied research, development, design and engineering of prototype or pilot plant, production and marketing to sales and after-sales service. But in the developing countries it is the latter part of the chain—what may be called design, development and engineering (D, D \& E) — that is of crucial importance for technological growth. In India this important point has not been grasped so far, mainly because our 'science and technology' budget has never been broken down into its basic, applied and developmental research components. It follows that for innovation to become the motor of progress an increasing number of personnel trained in science and technology have to make their careers not in 'research' but in planning, management, production, marketing and sales. At the level of planning decisions, an area where economists have been far less sure of themselves is that of determining the mix of options in a given technology, especially when the international pool of know-how is subject to rapid change and the outputs are highly heterogeneous in terms of degree of processing, cost and quality. But getting down to such policy-oriented analysis cannot be put off indefinitely.},
language = {en},
number = {47},
journal = {Economic and Political Weekly},
author = {Parthasarathi, Ashok},
month = dec,
year = {1967},
keywords = {Developing Countries, Industry, Innovation Policy, Innovation ecosystem, Planning, R\&D Policy, S\&T Governance, S\&T Policy, S\&T System in India, S\&T Ventures, Technology},
pages = {2090--2092},
}
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