Hypermnesia occurs in recall but not in recognition. Payne, D. G. & Roediger, 3. Am J Psychol, 100(2):145–165, 1987. abstract bibtex Two experiments investigated the effect of encoding conditions and type of test (recall vs. recognition) on the phenomenon of hypermnesia (improved performance across repeated tests). Subjects in Experiment 1 studied a list of words using either imaginal or semantic elaboration strategies and then received three successive tests. Different groups of subjects received either free recall, four-alternative forced-choice recognition, or yes/no recognition tests. Reliable hypermnesia was found only in the recall conditions, with the recognition conditions showing either no change in performance levels across tests (forced-choice tests) or significant forgetting (yes/no tests). In Experiment 2, subjects studied a list of words, and encoding was manipulated using three orienting tasks. Once again, hypermnesia was found with the recall tests but not with the forced choice recognition tests. Finding hypermnesia in recall but not in recognition indicates that retrieval processes in recall play a major role in producing hypermnesia. Also, the finding that the magnitude of the recall hypermnesias increased with an increase in total cumulative recall levels across study conditions suggests that cumulative recall levels are an important factor in determining the presence or absence of recall hypermnesia.
@Article{Payne1987,
author = {Payne, D. G. and Roediger, 3rd, HL},
journal = {Am J Psychol},
title = {Hypermnesia occurs in recall but not in recognition.},
year = {1987},
number = {2},
pages = {145--165},
volume = {100},
abstract = {Two experiments investigated the effect of encoding conditions and
type of test (recall vs. recognition) on the phenomenon of hypermnesia
(improved performance across repeated tests). Subjects in Experiment
1 studied a list of words using either imaginal or semantic elaboration
strategies and then received three successive tests. Different groups
of subjects received either free recall, four-alternative forced-choice
recognition, or yes/no recognition tests. Reliable hypermnesia was
found only in the recall conditions, with the recognition conditions
showing either no change in performance levels across tests (forced-choice
tests) or significant forgetting (yes/no tests). In Experiment 2,
subjects studied a list of words, and encoding was manipulated using
three orienting tasks. Once again, hypermnesia was found with the
recall tests but not with the forced choice recognition tests. Finding
hypermnesia in recall but not in recognition indicates that retrieval
processes in recall play a major role in producing hypermnesia. Also,
the finding that the magnitude of the recall hypermnesias increased
with an increase in total cumulative recall levels across study conditions
suggests that cumulative recall levels are an important factor in
determining the presence or absence of recall hypermnesia.},
keywords = {Form Perception; Humans; Memory; Mental Recall; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Practice (Psychology); Semantics; Verbal Learning},
language = {eng},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
pmid = {3618837},
timestamp = {2014.02.24},
}
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