Commentary: Open-Source Hardware for Research and Education. Pearce, J. M. Physics Today, 66(11):8+, 2013. doi abstract bibtex [excerpt] Physicists are established leaders in making their work accessible to the whole community. An example is the electronic repository of open-access e-prints at arXiv.org, now more than 20 years old. As some disciplines struggle to develop centralized archives for their fields, the arXiv has grown to house more than 825 000 articles in physics and other fields; some subfields, in fact, have nearly all their articles there. Access to such a large body of literature provides obvious benefits to the physics community. The greatest is that not only does it provide us with the ability to '' stand on the shoulders of giants,'' but it ensures that we are standing on the tallest shoulders, regardless of how limited our local institution's library might be. The software industry has had a similar revolution of shoulder-standing, in the form of the free and open-source computer software movement. Free and open-source software (FOSS) is available in source-code form and can be used, copied, modified, and redistributed without restriction, or with restrictions only to ensure that it remains open to future recipients and users. Open-source development is decentralized, transparent, and participatory, in contrast to the standard black-box, top-down, and secretive commercial approach. First widely demonstrated with the incredibly successful Linux, FOSS has become integral to society: Much of the internet now relies on it. FOSS is becoming the dominant approach for software development simply because it is superior. With open-source development, more people are collaborating to solve problems, and users as a group are smarter than any one individual. Physicists are well acquainted with FOSS: Some of the best simulation and research tools are based on it. In addition, many physicists have begun to use FOSS in the classroom. For example, the Open Source Physics project enhances computational-physics education by providing computer-modeling tools, simulations, and curricular resources. Physicists are also already acquainted with the open-source culture of sharing good ideas. Academic physicists, who dedicate their lives to information sharing as researchers and teachers, even have a well-established gift culture solidified in the tenure process. You get tenure based on how much you have given away – the more valuable the better – not on how much you hoard. That scientific sharing tended until recently to be focused on what could be published in academic articles – ideas or software, as it were. No more. Now the open and collaborative principles of FOSS are being transferred to designs for scientific hardware, with innovative digital manufacturing providing an unprecedented opportunity to radically reduce the costs of equipment for experimental research and education.
@article{pearceCommentaryOpensourceHardware2013,
title = {Commentary: Open-Source Hardware for Research and Education},
author = {Pearce, Joshua M.},
year = {2013},
volume = {66},
pages = {8+},
issn = {0031-9228},
doi = {10.1063/pt.3.2160},
abstract = {[excerpt] Physicists are established leaders in making their work accessible to the whole community. An example is the electronic repository of open-access e-prints at arXiv.org, now more than 20 years old. As some disciplines struggle to develop centralized archives for their fields, the arXiv has grown to house more than 825 000 articles in physics and other fields; some subfields, in fact, have nearly all their articles there. Access to such a large body of literature provides obvious benefits to the physics community. The greatest is that not only does it provide us with the ability to '' stand on the shoulders of giants,'' but it ensures that we are standing on the tallest shoulders, regardless of how limited our local institution's library might be.
The software industry has had a similar revolution of shoulder-standing, in the form of the free and open-source computer software movement. Free and open-source software (FOSS) is available in source-code form and can be used, copied, modified, and redistributed without restriction, or with restrictions only to ensure that it remains open to future recipients and users. Open-source development is decentralized, transparent, and participatory, in contrast to the standard black-box, top-down, and secretive commercial approach. First widely demonstrated with the incredibly successful Linux, FOSS has become integral to society: Much of the internet now relies on it. FOSS is becoming the dominant approach for software development simply because it is superior. With open-source development, more people are collaborating to solve problems, and users as a group are smarter than any one individual.
Physicists are well acquainted with FOSS: Some of the best simulation and research tools are based on it. In addition, many physicists have begun to use FOSS in the classroom. For example, the Open Source Physics project enhances computational-physics education by providing computer-modeling tools, simulations, and curricular resources. Physicists are also already acquainted with the open-source culture of sharing good ideas. Academic physicists, who dedicate their lives to information sharing as researchers and teachers, even have a well-established gift culture solidified in the tenure process. You get tenure based on how much you have given away -- the more valuable the better -- not on how much you hoard.
That scientific sharing tended until recently to be focused on what could be published in academic articles -- ideas or software, as it were. No more. Now the open and collaborative principles of FOSS are being transferred to designs for scientific hardware, with innovative digital manufacturing providing an unprecedented opportunity to radically reduce the costs of equipment for experimental research and education.},
journal = {Physics Today},
keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12825753,free-access,free-scientific-knowledge,free-software,hardware,knowledge-freedom,open-source,physics,research-metrics,science-ethics,scientific-knowledge-sharing},
lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12825753},
number = {11}
}
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Open-source development is decentralized, transparent, and participatory, in contrast to the standard black-box, top-down, and secretive commercial approach. First widely demonstrated with the incredibly successful Linux, FOSS has become integral to society: Much of the internet now relies on it. FOSS is becoming the dominant approach for software development simply because it is superior. With open-source development, more people are collaborating to solve problems, and users as a group are smarter than any one individual. Physicists are well acquainted with FOSS: Some of the best simulation and research tools are based on it. In addition, many physicists have begun to use FOSS in the classroom. For example, the Open Source Physics project enhances computational-physics education by providing computer-modeling tools, simulations, and curricular resources. Physicists are also already acquainted with the open-source culture of sharing good ideas. Academic physicists, who dedicate their lives to information sharing as researchers and teachers, even have a well-established gift culture solidified in the tenure process. You get tenure based on how much you have given away – the more valuable the better – not on how much you hoard. That scientific sharing tended until recently to be focused on what could be published in academic articles – ideas or software, as it were. No more. 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