@article{ ISI:000250134400002,
  author = {Penke, Lars and Denissen, Jaap J. A. and Miller, Geoffrey F.},
  title = {{The evolutionary genetics of personality}},
  journal = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY}},
  year = {{2007}},
  volume = {{21}},
  number = {{5}},
  pages = {{549-587}},
  month = {{AUG}},
  abstract = {{Genetic influences on personality differences are ubiquitous, but their
   nature is not well understood. A theoretical framework might help, and
   can be provided by evolutionary genetics. We assess three evolutionary
   genetic mechanisms that could explain genetic variance in personality
   differences: selective neutrality, mutation-selection balance, and
   balancing selection. Based on evolutionary genetic theory and empirical
   results from behaviour genetics and personality psychology, we conclude
   that selective neutrality is largely irrelevant, that mutation-selection
   balance seems best at explaining genetic variance in intelligence, and
   that balancing selection by environmental heterogeneity seems best at
   explaining genetic variance in personality traits. We propose a general
   model of heritable personality differences that conceptualises
   intelligence as fitness components and personality traits as individual
   reaction norms of genotypes across environments, with different fitness
   consequences in different environmental niches. We also discuss the
   place of mental health in the model. This evolutionary genetic framework
   highlights the role of gene-environment interactions in the study of
   personality, yields new insight into the person-situation-debate and the
   structure of personality, and has practical implications for both
   quantitative and molecular genetic studies of personality. Copyright (C)
   2007 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}},
  doi = {{10.1002/per.629}},
  issn = {{0890-2070}},
  researcherid-numbers = {{Miller, Geoffrey/C-4145-2008
   Denissen, Jaap/H-2180-2013}},
  orcid-numbers = {{Denissen, Jaap/0000-0002-6282-4107}},
  unique-id = {{ISI:000250134400002}}
}

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