From single to multiple deficit models of developmental disorders. Pennington, B. F Cognition, 101(2):385–413, September, 2006.
From single to multiple deficit models of developmental disorders. [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The emerging etiological model for developmental disorders, like dyslexia, is probabilistic and multifactorial while the prevailing cognitive model has been deterministic and often focused on a single cognitive cause, such as a phonological deficit as the cause of dyslexia. So there is a potential contradiction in our explanatory frameworks for understanding developmental disorders. This paper attempts to resolve this contradiction by presenting a multiple cognitive deficit model of developmental disorders. It describes how this model evolved out of our attempts to understand two comorbidities, those between dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and between dyslexia and speech sound disorder (SSD).
@article{pennington_single_2006,
	title = {From single to multiple deficit models of developmental disorders.},
	volume = {101},
	issn = {0010-0277},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16844106},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2006.04.008},
	abstract = {The emerging etiological model for developmental disorders, like dyslexia, is probabilistic and multifactorial while the prevailing cognitive model has been deterministic and often focused on a single cognitive cause, such as a phonological deficit as the cause of dyslexia. So there is a potential contradiction in our explanatory frameworks for understanding developmental disorders. This paper attempts to resolve this contradiction by presenting a multiple cognitive deficit model of developmental disorders. It describes how this model evolved out of our attempts to understand two comorbidities, those between dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and between dyslexia and speech sound disorder (SSD).},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2014-06-23},
	journal = {Cognition},
	author = {Pennington, Bruce F},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16844106},
	keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: epi, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: gen, Child, Cognition Disorders, Cognition Disorders: epidemiology, Cognition Disorders: genetics, Comorbidity, Developmental Disabilities, Developmental Disabilities: epidemiology, Developmental Disabilities: genetics, Dyslexia, Dyslexia: epidemiology, Dyslexia: genetics, Humans, Speech Disorders, Speech Disorders: epidemiology, Speech Disorders: genetics},
	pages = {385--413},
}

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