Does the Mastery of Center-Embedded Linguistic Structures Distinguish Humans From Nonhuman Primates?. Perruchet, P. & Rey, A. Psychonom Bull Rev, 12(2):307–313, PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY, INC., 2005.
abstract   bibtex   
In a recent Science article, Fitch and Hauser (2004 ; hereafter, F&H) claimed to have demonstrated that cotton-top tamarins fail to learn an artificial language produced by a phrase structure grammar (Chomsky, 1957) generating center-embedded sentences, whereas adult humans easily learn such a language. We report an experiment replicating the results of F&H in humans but also showing that subjects learned the language without exploiting in any way the center-embedded structure. When the procedure was modified to make the processing of this structure mandatory, the subjects no longer showed evidence of learning. We propose a simple interpretation for the difference in performance observed in F&H's task between humans and tamarins and argue that, beyond the specific drawbacks inherent in F&H's study, researching the source of the inability of nonhuman primates to master language within a framework built around Chomsky's hierarchy of grammars is a conceptual dead end.
@ARTICLE{Perruchet2005,
  author = {Perruchet, Pierre and Rey, A.},
  title = {{Does the Mastery of Center-Embedded Linguistic Structures Distinguish
	Humans From Nonhuman Primates?}},
  journal = {Psychonom Bull Rev},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {307--313},
  number = {2},
  abstract = {In a recent Science article, Fitch and Hauser (2004 ; hereafter, F&H)
	claimed to have demonstrated that cotton-top tamarins fail to learn
	an artificial language produced by a phrase structure grammar (Chomsky,
	1957) generating center-embedded sentences, whereas adult humans
	easily learn such a language. We report an experiment replicating
	the results of F&H in humans but also showing that subjects learned
	the language without exploiting in any way the center-embedded structure.
	When the procedure was modified to make the processing of this structure
	mandatory, the subjects no longer showed evidence of learning. We
	propose a simple interpretation for the difference in performance
	observed in F&H's task between humans and tamarins and argue that,
	beyond the specific drawbacks inherent in F&H's study, researching
	the source of the inability of nonhuman primates to master language
	within a framework built around Chomsky's hierarchy of grammars is
	a conceptual dead end.},
  publisher = {PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY, INC.}
}

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