Does the Mastery of Center-Embedded Linguistic Structures Distinguish Humans From Nonhuman Primates?. Perruchet, P. & Rey, A. Psychonom Bull Rev, 12(2):307–313, PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY, INC., 2005. abstract bibtex In a recent Science article, Fitch and Hauser (2004 ; hereafter, F&H) claimed to have demonstrated that cotton-top tamarins fail to learn an artificial language produced by a phrase structure grammar (Chomsky, 1957) generating center-embedded sentences, whereas adult humans easily learn such a language. We report an experiment replicating the results of F&H in humans but also showing that subjects learned the language without exploiting in any way the center-embedded structure. When the procedure was modified to make the processing of this structure mandatory, the subjects no longer showed evidence of learning. We propose a simple interpretation for the difference in performance observed in F&H's task between humans and tamarins and argue that, beyond the specific drawbacks inherent in F&H's study, researching the source of the inability of nonhuman primates to master language within a framework built around Chomsky's hierarchy of grammars is a conceptual dead end.
@ARTICLE{Perruchet2005,
author = {Perruchet, Pierre and Rey, A.},
title = {{Does the Mastery of Center-Embedded Linguistic Structures Distinguish
Humans From Nonhuman Primates?}},
journal = {Psychonom Bull Rev},
year = {2005},
volume = {12},
pages = {307--313},
number = {2},
abstract = {In a recent Science article, Fitch and Hauser (2004 ; hereafter, F&H)
claimed to have demonstrated that cotton-top tamarins fail to learn
an artificial language produced by a phrase structure grammar (Chomsky,
1957) generating center-embedded sentences, whereas adult humans
easily learn such a language. We report an experiment replicating
the results of F&H in humans but also showing that subjects learned
the language without exploiting in any way the center-embedded structure.
When the procedure was modified to make the processing of this structure
mandatory, the subjects no longer showed evidence of learning. We
propose a simple interpretation for the difference in performance
observed in F&H's task between humans and tamarins and argue that,
beyond the specific drawbacks inherent in F&H's study, researching
the source of the inability of nonhuman primates to master language
within a framework built around Chomsky's hierarchy of grammars is
a conceptual dead end.},
publisher = {PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY, INC.}
}
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