DNA Binding of an Organic Dppz-Based Intercalator. Phillips, T., Haq, I., Meijer, A. J H M, Adams, H., Soutar, I., Swanson, L., Sykes, M. J, & a Thomas, J. Biochemistry, 43(43):13657–65, November, 2004.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
An improved synthesis of a water-soluble derivative of dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) is reported. The structures of both dppz and the cation ethylene-bipyridyldiylium-phenazine dinitrate [[1][(PF(6))(2)]] have been obtained via X-ray crystallography. Metal complex derivatives of dppz are very well studied. However, using the water soluble [1][(NO(3))(2)], the nature of the interaction of a simple dppz unit with duplex DNA has been investigated for the first time. In both organic solvents and water, 1 displays unstructured luminescence, assigned to an intramolecular charge transfer. The emission is quenched on binding to natural and synthetic duplex DNA, including poly(dA).poly(dT). A variety of techniques reveal that the cation binds to DNA with an affinity comparable to those of many metal dppz complexes, via an intercalative binding mode.
@article{Phillips2004,
  title = {{{DNA}} Binding of an Organic Dppz-Based Intercalator.},
  author = {Phillips, Tim and Haq, Ihtshamul and Meijer, Anthony J H M and Adams, Harry and Soutar, Ian and Swanson, Linda and Sykes, Matthew J and a Thomas, Jim},
  year = {2004},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Biochemistry},
  volume = {43},
  number = {43},
  eprint = {15504028},
  eprinttype = {pubmed},
  pages = {13657--65},
  issn = {0006-2960},
  doi = {10.1021/bi049146r},
  abstract = {An improved synthesis of a water-soluble derivative of dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) is reported. The structures of both dppz and the cation ethylene-bipyridyldiylium-phenazine dinitrate [[1][(PF(6))(2)]] have been obtained via X-ray crystallography. Metal complex derivatives of dppz are very well studied. However, using the water soluble [1][(NO(3))(2)], the nature of the interaction of a simple dppz unit with duplex DNA has been investigated for the first time. In both organic solvents and water, 1 displays unstructured luminescence, assigned to an intramolecular charge transfer. The emission is quenched on binding to natural and synthetic duplex DNA, including poly(dA).poly(dT). A variety of techniques reveal that the cation binds to DNA with an affinity comparable to those of many metal dppz complexes, via an intercalative binding mode.},
  pmid = {15504028},
  keywords = {\#nosource,Binding Sites,Biomolecular,Calorimetry,Crystallography,DNA,DNA: chemistry,Fast Atom Bombardment,Fluorescence,Fluorescence Polarization,Intercalating Agents,Intercalating Agents: chemistry,Luminescent Measurements,Mass,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,Phenazines,Phenazines: chemistry,Polyribonucleotides,Polyribonucleotides: chemistry,Spectrometry,Structure-Activity Relationship,Thermodynamics,Viscosity,X-Ray}
}

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