A temporally and spatially resolved ammonia emission inventory for dairy cows in the United States. Pinder, R., W., Strader, R., Davidson, C., I., & Adams, P., J. Atmos. Environ., 38:3747-3756, 2004. abstract bibtex Previous inventories of ammonia emissions for the
United States have not characterized the seasonal and geographic
variations that are necessary for accurately predicting ambient
concentrations of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate aerosol.
This research calculates the seasonal and geographic variation in
ammonia emissions from dairy cows in the United States. Monthly,
county-level emission factors are calculated with a process-based
model of dairy farm emissions, the national distribution of farming
practices, seasonal climate conditions, and animal populations.
Annual, county-level emission factors are estimated to range
between 13.1 and 55.5, with a national average of 23.9 kg NH3
cow(-1) yr(-1). The seasonal variation of the emission factor is
estimated to be as high as a factor of seven in some counties.
Emissions are predicted to be the highest in the spring and fall,
because of high manure application rates during the spring planting
and after the fall harvest. Summer emissions are higher than
winter, resulting from the temperature dependence of housing and
storage emissions. In the summer and winter, the majority of
emissions are from animal housing. In the spring and fall, the
majority of emissions are from field applied manure. The 5% and
95% confidence interval about the national annual average emission
factor is between 18 and 36 kg NH3 COW I yr(-1). Uncertainties in
farming practices contribute most to the total uncertainty, yet
uncertainty in the timing of manure application, the quantity of
manure and nitrogen excreted by cows, and the physical processes of
volatilization affecting applied manure are also significant. (C)
2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
@article{
title = {A temporally and spatially resolved ammonia emission inventory for dairy cows in the United States},
type = {article},
year = {2004},
pages = {3747-3756},
volume = {38},
id = {bc169ed6-12be-370d-a5ef-fcdcd7d6c699},
created = {2014-10-08T16:28:18.000Z},
file_attached = {false},
profile_id = {363623ef-1990-38f1-b354-f5cdaa6548b2},
group_id = {02267cec-5558-3876-9cfc-78d056bad5b9},
last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:32:24.802Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
citation_key = {Pinder:AE:2004a},
source_type = {article},
private_publication = {false},
abstract = {Previous inventories of ammonia emissions for the
United States have not characterized the seasonal and geographic
variations that are necessary for accurately predicting ambient
concentrations of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate aerosol.
This research calculates the seasonal and geographic variation in
ammonia emissions from dairy cows in the United States. Monthly,
county-level emission factors are calculated with a process-based
model of dairy farm emissions, the national distribution of farming
practices, seasonal climate conditions, and animal populations.
Annual, county-level emission factors are estimated to range
between 13.1 and 55.5, with a national average of 23.9 kg NH3
cow(-1) yr(-1). The seasonal variation of the emission factor is
estimated to be as high as a factor of seven in some counties.
Emissions are predicted to be the highest in the spring and fall,
because of high manure application rates during the spring planting
and after the fall harvest. Summer emissions are higher than
winter, resulting from the temperature dependence of housing and
storage emissions. In the summer and winter, the majority of
emissions are from animal housing. In the spring and fall, the
majority of emissions are from field applied manure. The 5% and
95% confidence interval about the national annual average emission
factor is between 18 and 36 kg NH3 COW I yr(-1). Uncertainties in
farming practices contribute most to the total uncertainty, yet
uncertainty in the timing of manure application, the quantity of
manure and nitrogen excreted by cows, and the physical processes of
volatilization affecting applied manure are also significant. (C)
2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Pinder, R W and Strader, R and Davidson, C I and Adams, P J},
journal = {Atmos. Environ.}
}
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Monthly,\ncounty-level emission factors are calculated with a process-based\nmodel of dairy farm emissions, the national distribution of farming\npractices, seasonal climate conditions, and animal populations.\nAnnual, county-level emission factors are estimated to range\nbetween 13.1 and 55.5, with a national average of 23.9 kg NH3\ncow(-1) yr(-1). The seasonal variation of the emission factor is\nestimated to be as high as a factor of seven in some counties.\nEmissions are predicted to be the highest in the spring and fall,\nbecause of high manure application rates during the spring planting\nand after the fall harvest. Summer emissions are higher than\nwinter, resulting from the temperature dependence of housing and\nstorage emissions. In the summer and winter, the majority of\nemissions are from animal housing. In the spring and fall, the\nmajority of emissions are from field applied manure. The 5% and\n95% confidence interval about the national annual average emission\nfactor is between 18 and 36 kg NH3 COW I yr(-1). Uncertainties in\nfarming practices contribute most to the total uncertainty, yet\nuncertainty in the timing of manure application, the quantity of\nmanure and nitrogen excreted by cows, and the physical processes of\nvolatilization affecting applied manure are also significant. (C)\n2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ,\nPittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.\n","bibtype":"article","author":"Pinder, R W and Strader, R and Davidson, C I and Adams, P J","journal":"Atmos. Environ.","bibtex":"@article{\n title = {A temporally and spatially resolved ammonia emission inventory for dairy cows in the United States},\n type = {article},\n year = {2004},\n pages = {3747-3756},\n volume = {38},\n id = {bc169ed6-12be-370d-a5ef-fcdcd7d6c699},\n created = {2014-10-08T16:28:18.000Z},\n file_attached = {false},\n profile_id = {363623ef-1990-38f1-b354-f5cdaa6548b2},\n group_id = {02267cec-5558-3876-9cfc-78d056bad5b9},\n last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:32:24.802Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {true},\n hidden = {false},\n citation_key = {Pinder:AE:2004a},\n source_type = {article},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {Previous inventories of ammonia emissions for the\nUnited States have not characterized the seasonal and geographic\nvariations that are necessary for accurately predicting ambient\nconcentrations of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate aerosol.\nThis research calculates the seasonal and geographic variation in\nammonia emissions from dairy cows in the United States. Monthly,\ncounty-level emission factors are calculated with a process-based\nmodel of dairy farm emissions, the national distribution of farming\npractices, seasonal climate conditions, and animal populations.\nAnnual, county-level emission factors are estimated to range\nbetween 13.1 and 55.5, with a national average of 23.9 kg NH3\ncow(-1) yr(-1). The seasonal variation of the emission factor is\nestimated to be as high as a factor of seven in some counties.\nEmissions are predicted to be the highest in the spring and fall,\nbecause of high manure application rates during the spring planting\nand after the fall harvest. Summer emissions are higher than\nwinter, resulting from the temperature dependence of housing and\nstorage emissions. In the summer and winter, the majority of\nemissions are from animal housing. In the spring and fall, the\nmajority of emissions are from field applied manure. The 5% and\n95% confidence interval about the national annual average emission\nfactor is between 18 and 36 kg NH3 COW I yr(-1). Uncertainties in\nfarming practices contribute most to the total uncertainty, yet\nuncertainty in the timing of manure application, the quantity of\nmanure and nitrogen excreted by cows, and the physical processes of\nvolatilization affecting applied manure are also significant. (C)\n2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ,\nPittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.\n},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {Pinder, R W and Strader, R and Davidson, C I and Adams, P J},\n journal = {Atmos. Environ.}\n}","author_short":["Pinder, R., W.","Strader, R.","Davidson, C., I.","Adams, P., J."],"bibbaseid":"pinder-strader-davidson-adams-atemporallyandspatiallyresolvedammoniaemissioninventoryfordairycowsintheunitedstates-2004","role":"author","urls":{},"downloads":0},"bibtype":"article","biburl":null,"creationDate":"2014-09-11T15:28:59.306Z","downloads":0,"keywords":[],"search_terms":["temporally","spatially","resolved","ammonia","emission","inventory","dairy","cows","united","states","pinder","strader","davidson","adams"],"title":"A temporally and spatially resolved ammonia emission inventory for dairy cows in the United States","year":2004}