@Article{Pollick2007,
  author   = {Amy S Pollick and Frans B M de Waal},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {Ape gestures and language evolution.},
  year     = {2007},
  number   = {19},
  pages    = {8184-9},
  volume   = {104},
  abstract = {The natural communication of apes may hold clues about language origins,
	especially because apes frequently gesture with limbs and hands,
	a mode of communication thought to have been the starting point of
	human language evolution. The present study aimed to contrast brachiomanual
	gestures with orofacial movements and vocalizations in the natural
	communication of our closest primate relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus)
	and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We tested whether gesture is the
	more flexible form of communication by measuring the strength of
	association between signals and specific behavioral contexts, comparing
	groups of both the same and different ape species. Subjects were
	two captive bonobo groups, a total of 13 individuals, and two captive
	chimpanzee groups, a total of 34 individuals. The study distinguished
	31 manual gestures and 18 facial/vocal signals. It was found that
	homologous facial/vocal displays were used very similarly by both
	ape species, yet the same did not apply to gestures. Both within
	and between species gesture usage varied enormously. Moreover, bonobos
	showed greater flexibility in this regard than chimpanzees and were
	also the only species in which multimodal communication (i.e., combinations
	of gestures and facial/vocal signals) added to behavioral impact
	on the recipient.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.0702624104},
  keywords = {17470779},
}

{"_id":"xgbZDHJJ2kXcbB97s","bibbaseid":"pollick-dewaal-apegesturesandlanguageevolution-2007","author_short":["Pollick, A. S","de Waal, F. B M"],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","author":[{"firstnames":["Amy","S"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Pollick"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Frans","B","M"],"propositions":["de"],"lastnames":["Waal"],"suffixes":[]}],"journal":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","title":"Ape gestures and language evolution.","year":"2007","number":"19","pages":"8184-9","volume":"104","abstract":"The natural communication of apes may hold clues about language origins, especially because apes frequently gesture with limbs and hands, a mode of communication thought to have been the starting point of human language evolution. The present study aimed to contrast brachiomanual gestures with orofacial movements and vocalizations in the natural communication of our closest primate relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We tested whether gesture is the more flexible form of communication by measuring the strength of association between signals and specific behavioral contexts, comparing groups of both the same and different ape species. Subjects were two captive bonobo groups, a total of 13 individuals, and two captive chimpanzee groups, a total of 34 individuals. The study distinguished 31 manual gestures and 18 facial/vocal signals. It was found that homologous facial/vocal displays were used very similarly by both ape species, yet the same did not apply to gestures. Both within and between species gesture usage varied enormously. Moreover, bonobos showed greater flexibility in this regard than chimpanzees and were also the only species in which multimodal communication (i.e., combinations of gestures and facial/vocal signals) added to behavioral impact on the recipient.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0702624104","keywords":"17470779","bibtex":"@Article{Pollick2007,\n author = {Amy S Pollick and Frans B M de Waal},\n journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},\n title = {Ape gestures and language evolution.},\n year = {2007},\n number = {19},\n pages = {8184-9},\n volume = {104},\n abstract = {The natural communication of apes may hold clues about language origins,\n\tespecially because apes frequently gesture with limbs and hands,\n\ta mode of communication thought to have been the starting point of\n\thuman language evolution. The present study aimed to contrast brachiomanual\n\tgestures with orofacial movements and vocalizations in the natural\n\tcommunication of our closest primate relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus)\n\tand chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We tested whether gesture is the\n\tmore flexible form of communication by measuring the strength of\n\tassociation between signals and specific behavioral contexts, comparing\n\tgroups of both the same and different ape species. Subjects were\n\ttwo captive bonobo groups, a total of 13 individuals, and two captive\n\tchimpanzee groups, a total of 34 individuals. The study distinguished\n\t31 manual gestures and 18 facial/vocal signals. It was found that\n\thomologous facial/vocal displays were used very similarly by both\n\tape species, yet the same did not apply to gestures. Both within\n\tand between species gesture usage varied enormously. Moreover, bonobos\n\tshowed greater flexibility in this regard than chimpanzees and were\n\talso the only species in which multimodal communication (i.e., combinations\n\tof gestures and facial/vocal signals) added to behavioral impact\n\ton the recipient.},\n doi = {10.1073/pnas.0702624104},\n keywords = {17470779},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Pollick, A. S","de Waal, F. B M"],"key":"Pollick2007","id":"Pollick2007","bibbaseid":"pollick-dewaal-apegesturesandlanguageevolution-2007","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["17470779"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://endress.org/publications/ansgar.bib","dataSources":["xPGxHAeh3vZpx4yyE","TXa55dQbNoWnaGmMq"],"keywords":["17470779"],"search_terms":["ape","gestures","language","evolution","pollick","de waal"],"title":"Ape gestures and language evolution.","year":2007}