Bringing the ocean into the laboratory to probe the chemical complexity of sea spray aerosol. Prather, A, K., Bertram, H, T., Grassian, H, V., Deane, B, G., Stokes, Dale, M., Demott, J, P., Aluwihare, I, L., Palenik, P, B., Azam, F., Seinfeld, H, J., Moffet, C, R., Molina, J, M., Cappa, D, C., Geiger, M, F., Roberts, C, G., Russell, M, L., Ault, P, A., Baltrusaitis, J., Collins, B, D., Corrigan, E, C., Cuadra-Rodriguez, A, L., Ebben, J, C., Forestieri, D, S., Guasco, L, T., Hersey, P, S., Kim, J, M., Lambert, F, W., Modini, L, R., Mui, W., Pedler, E, B., Ruppel, J, M., Ryder, S, O., Schoepp, G, N., Sullivan, C, R., & Zhao, D. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(19):7550--5, May, 2013.
Bringing the ocean into the laboratory to probe the chemical complexity of sea spray aerosol. [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The production, size, and chemical composition of sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles strongly depend on seawater chemistry, which is controlled by physical, chemical, and biological processes. Despite decades of studies in marine environments, a direct relationship has yet to be established between ocean biology and the physicochemical properties of SSA. The ability to establish such relationships is hindered by the fact that SSA measurements are typically dominated by overwhelming background aerosol concentrations even in remote marine environments. Herein, we describe a newly developed approach for reproducing the chemical complexity of SSA in a laboratory setting, comprising a unique ocean-atmosphere facility equipped with actual breaking waves. A mesocosm experiment was performed in natural seawater, using controlled phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria concentrations, which showed SSA size and chemical mixing state are acutely sensitive to the aerosol production mechanism, as well as to the type of biological species present. The largest reduction in the hygroscopicity of SSA occurred as heterotrophic bacteria concentrations increased, whereas phytoplankton and chlorophyll-a concentrations decreased, directly corresponding to a change in mixing state in the smallest (60-180 nm) size range. Using this newly developed approach to generate realistic SSA, systematic studies can now be performed to advance our fundamental understanding of the impact of ocean biology on SSA chemical mixing state, heterogeneous reactivity, and the resulting climate-relevant properties.
@article{ Prather2013,
  abstract = {The production, size, and chemical composition of sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles strongly depend on seawater chemistry, which is controlled by physical, chemical, and biological processes. Despite decades of studies in marine environments, a direct relationship has yet to be established between ocean biology and the physicochemical properties of SSA. The ability to establish such relationships is hindered by the fact that SSA measurements are typically dominated by overwhelming background aerosol concentrations even in remote marine environments. Herein, we describe a newly developed approach for reproducing the chemical complexity of SSA in a laboratory setting, comprising a unique ocean-atmosphere facility equipped with actual breaking waves. A mesocosm experiment was performed in natural seawater, using controlled phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria concentrations, which showed SSA size and chemical mixing state are acutely sensitive to the aerosol production mechanism, as well as to the type of biological species present. The largest reduction in the hygroscopicity of SSA occurred as heterotrophic bacteria concentrations increased, whereas phytoplankton and chlorophyll-a concentrations decreased, directly corresponding to a change in mixing state in the smallest (60-180 nm) size range. Using this newly developed approach to generate realistic SSA, systematic studies can now be performed to advance our fundamental understanding of the impact of ocean biology on SSA chemical mixing state, heterogeneous reactivity, and the resulting climate-relevant properties.},
  author = {Prather, Kimberly A and Bertram, Timothy H and Grassian, Vicki H and Deane, Grant B and Stokes, M Dale and Demott, Paul J and Aluwihare, Lihini I and Palenik, Brian P and Azam, Farooq and Seinfeld, John H and Moffet, Ryan C and Molina, Mario J and Cappa, Christopher D and Geiger, Franz M and Roberts, Gregory C and Russell, Lynn M and Ault, Andrew P and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Collins, Douglas B and Corrigan, Craig E and Cuadra-Rodriguez, Luis A and Ebben, Carlena J and Forestieri, Sara D and Guasco, Timothy L and Hersey, Scott P and Kim, Michelle J and Lambert, William F and Modini, Robin L and Mui, Wilton and Pedler, Byron E and Ruppel, Matthew J and Ryder, Olivia S and Schoepp, Nathan G and Sullivan, Ryan C and Zhao, Defeng},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1300262110},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  month = {May},
  number = {19},
  pages = {7550--5},
  pmid = {23620519},
  title = {{Bringing the ocean into the laboratory to probe the chemical complexity of sea spray aerosol.}},
  url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/110/19/7550.short},
  volume = {110},
  year = {2013}
}
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