@techreport{presidents_council_of_advisors_on_science_and_technology_engage_2012,
	title = {Engage to {Excel}: {Producing} {One} {Million} {Additional} {College} {Graduates} with {Degrees} in {Science}, {Technology}, {Engineering}, and {Mathematics}},
	abstract = {We are pleased to present you with this report, Engage to Excel: Producing One Million Additional College Graduates with Degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, prepared for you by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). This report provides a strategy for improving STEM education during the first two years of college that we believe is responsive to both the challenges and the opportunities that this crucial stage in the STEM education pathway presents. In preparing this report, PCAST assembled a Working Group of experts in postsecondary STEM teaching, learning-science research, curriculum development, higher-education administration, faculty training, educational technology, and successful interaction between industry and higher education. The report was strengthened by input from additional experts in postsecondary STEM education, STEM practitioners, professional societies, private companies, educators, and Federal education officials. PCAST found that economic forecasts point to a need for producing, over the next decade, approximately 1 million more college graduates in STEM fields than expected under current assumptions. Fewer than 40\% of students who enter college intending to major in a STEM field complete a STEM degree. Merely increasing the retention of STEM majors from 40\% to 50\% would generate three-quarters of the targeted 1 million additional STEM degrees over the next decade. PCAST identified five overarching recommendations that it believes can achieve this goal: (1) catalyze widespread adoption of empirically validated teaching practices; (2) advocate and provide support for replacing standard laboratory courses with discovery-based research courses; (3) launch a national experiment in postsecondary mathematics education to address the mathematics-preparation gap; (4) encourage partnerships among stakeholders to diversify pathways to STEM careers; and (5) create a Presidential Council on STEM Education with leadership from the academic and business communities to provide strategic leadership for transformative and sustainable change in STEM undergraduate education. Implementing these recommendations will help you achieve one of the key STEM goals you stated in your address to the National Academy of Sciences in April 2009: “American students will move from the middle to the top of the pack in science and math over the next decade. For we know that the nation that out-educates us today—will out-compete us tomorrow.” The members of PCAST are grateful for the opportunity to provide our input on an issue of such critical importance to the Nation's future},
	author = {{President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology} and Holdren, John P. (PCAST) and Lander, Eric (PCAST)},
	year = {2012},
}

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This report provides a strategy for improving STEM education during the first two years of college that we believe is responsive to both the challenges and the opportunities that this crucial stage in the STEM education pathway presents. In preparing this report, PCAST assembled a Working Group of experts in postsecondary STEM teaching, learning-science research, curriculum development, higher-education administration, faculty training, educational technology, and successful interaction between industry and higher education. The report was strengthened by input from additional experts in postsecondary STEM education, STEM practitioners, professional societies, private companies, educators, and Federal education officials. PCAST found that economic forecasts point to a need for producing, over the next decade, approximately 1 million more college graduates in STEM fields than expected under current assumptions. Fewer than 40% of students who enter college intending to major in a STEM field complete a STEM degree. Merely increasing the retention of STEM majors from 40% to 50% would generate three-quarters of the targeted 1 million additional STEM degrees over the next decade. PCAST identified five overarching recommendations that it believes can achieve this goal: (1) catalyze widespread adoption of empirically validated teaching practices; (2) advocate and provide support for replacing standard laboratory courses with discovery-based research courses; (3) launch a national experiment in postsecondary mathematics education to address the mathematics-preparation gap; (4) encourage partnerships among stakeholders to diversify pathways to STEM careers; and (5) create a Presidential Council on STEM Education with leadership from the academic and business communities to provide strategic leadership for transformative and sustainable change in STEM undergraduate education. Implementing these recommendations will help you achieve one of the key STEM goals you stated in your address to the National Academy of Sciences in April 2009: “American students will move from the middle to the top of the pack in science and math over the next decade. For we know that the nation that out-educates us today—will out-compete us tomorrow.” The members of PCAST are grateful for the opportunity to provide our input on an issue of such critical importance to the Nation's future","author":[{"firstnames":[],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["President's Council of Advisors on Science"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":[],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Technology"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Holdren"],"firstnames":["John","P.","(PCAST)"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lander"],"firstnames":["Eric","(PCAST)"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2012","bibtex":"@techreport{presidents_council_of_advisors_on_science_and_technology_engage_2012,\n\ttitle = {Engage to {Excel}: {Producing} {One} {Million} {Additional} {College} {Graduates} with {Degrees} in {Science}, {Technology}, {Engineering}, and {Mathematics}},\n\tabstract = {We are pleased to present you with this report, Engage to Excel: Producing One Million Additional College Graduates with Degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, prepared for you by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). This report provides a strategy for improving STEM education during the first two years of college that we believe is responsive to both the challenges and the opportunities that this crucial stage in the STEM education pathway presents. In preparing this report, PCAST assembled a Working Group of experts in postsecondary STEM teaching, learning-science research, curriculum development, higher-education administration, faculty training, educational technology, and successful interaction between industry and higher education. The report was strengthened by input from additional experts in postsecondary STEM education, STEM practitioners, professional societies, private companies, educators, and Federal education officials. PCAST found that economic forecasts point to a need for producing, over the next decade, approximately 1 million more college graduates in STEM fields than expected under current assumptions. Fewer than 40\\% of students who enter college intending to major in a STEM field complete a STEM degree. Merely increasing the retention of STEM majors from 40\\% to 50\\% would generate three-quarters of the targeted 1 million additional STEM degrees over the next decade. PCAST identified five overarching recommendations that it believes can achieve this goal: (1) catalyze widespread adoption of empirically validated teaching practices; (2) advocate and provide support for replacing standard laboratory courses with discovery-based research courses; (3) launch a national experiment in postsecondary mathematics education to address the mathematics-preparation gap; (4) encourage partnerships among stakeholders to diversify pathways to STEM careers; and (5) create a Presidential Council on STEM Education with leadership from the academic and business communities to provide strategic leadership for transformative and sustainable change in STEM undergraduate education. Implementing these recommendations will help you achieve one of the key STEM goals you stated in your address to the National Academy of Sciences in April 2009: “American students will move from the middle to the top of the pack in science and math over the next decade. For we know that the nation that out-educates us today—will out-compete us tomorrow.” The members of PCAST are grateful for the opportunity to provide our input on an issue of such critical importance to the Nation's future},\n\tauthor = {{President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology} and Holdren, John P. (PCAST) and Lander, Eric (PCAST)},\n\tyear = {2012},\n}\n\n","author_short":["President's Council of Advisors on Science","Technology","Holdren, J. P. (.","Lander, E. 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