Displacement-based seismic design of structures. Priestley, M., J., N., Calvi, G., M., & Kowalsky, M., J. In NZSEE Conference, volume 23, pages 1453-1460, 2007.
Displacement-based seismic design of structures [pdf]Paper  Displacement-based seismic design of structures [link]Website  abstract   bibtex   
There has been considerable discussion recently in New Zealand about the relative merits of displacement-based, and displacement-focused force-based seismic design. This paper puts the case for direct displacement-based seismic design. It is shown that the emphasis on secant stiffness to maximum displacement, rather than initial stiffness (as in force-based seismic design) is important for rational force-distribution to different seismic-resisting structural elements, and in most cases obviates the need for iteration in the design process, which is inherent in displacement-focused force-based seismic design. It is shown that the influence of hysteretic characteristics has been underestimated in recent force-based studies. These assertions are supported by results of recent analytical studies, which have included refinement of ductility/equivalent-viscous damping relationships, and an examination of the important (and largely ignored) role of elastic damping in inelastic time-history analyses.

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