@article{putnam2016,
	title = {The {Transnational} and the {Text}-{Searchable}: {Digitized} {Sources} and the {Shadows} {They} {CastThe} {Transnational} and the {Text}-{Searchable}},
	volume = {121},
	issn = {0002-8762},
	shorttitle = {跨国和可搜索文本：数字化资料及其投下的阴影《跨国与可搜索文本},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/121.2.377},
	doi = {10.1093/ahr/121.2.377},
	abstract = {This essay explores the consequences for historians’ research of the twinned transnational and digitized turns. The accelerating digitization of primary and secondary sources and the rise of full-text web-based search to access information within them has transformed historians’ research practice, radically diminishing the role of place-specific prior expertise as a prerequisite to discovery. Indeed, we can now find information without knowing where to look. This has incited remarkably little reflection among mainstream historians, but the consequences are profound. What has become newly possible? How do the new digital affordances relate to the current boom in transnational topics and approaches? How do the reach, speed, and granularity of digitized search impact our ability to reconstruct the supranational past? This essay heralds the novel forms of knowledge-generation made possible by technological transformations. It also attempts an accounting of all the ancillary learning that international research in an analog world once required. What kinds of knowledge and insight did place-based research across borders instill? What are the intellectual and political consequences of leaving that behind?

【摘要翻译】这篇文章探讨了跨国和数字化的双重转变对历史学家研究的影响。第一手资料和第二手资料的加速数字化，以及为获取其中信息而进行的全文网络搜索的兴起，改变了历史学家的研究实践，从根本上削弱了作为发现先决条件的特定地方先验专业知识的作用。事实上，我们现在不知道去哪里找，也能找到信息。这在主流历史学家中引起的反思少之又少，但其后果却是深远的。什么成为了新的可能？新的数字能力与当前跨国主题和方法的蓬勃发展有何关系？数字化搜索的范围、速度和粒度如何影响我们重建超国家历史的能力？这篇文章预示着技术变革带来的新的知识生成形式。它还试图对模拟世界中的国际研究曾经需要的所有辅助学习进行核算。基于地方的跨国研究灌输了哪些知识和见解？将其抛诸脑后会带来哪些知识和政治后果？},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	journal = {The American Historical Review},
	author = {Putnam, Lara},
	month = apr,
	year = {2016},
	note = {🏷️ /unread},
	keywords = {/unread},
	pages = {377--402},
}

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Indeed, we can now find information without knowing where to look. This has incited remarkably little reflection among mainstream historians, but the consequences are profound. What has become newly possible? How do the new digital affordances relate to the current boom in transnational topics and approaches? How do the reach, speed, and granularity of digitized search impact our ability to reconstruct the supranational past? This essay heralds the novel forms of knowledge-generation made possible by technological transformations. It also attempts an accounting of all the ancillary learning that international research in an analog world once required. What kinds of knowledge and insight did place-based research across borders instill? What are the intellectual and political consequences of leaving that behind? 【摘要翻译】这篇文章探讨了跨国和数字化的双重转变对历史学家研究的影响。第一手资料和第二手资料的加速数字化，以及为获取其中信息而进行的全文网络搜索的兴起，改变了历史学家的研究实践，从根本上削弱了作为发现先决条件的特定地方先验专业知识的作用。事实上，我们现在不知道去哪里找，也能找到信息。这在主流历史学家中引起的反思少之又少，但其后果却是深远的。什么成为了新的可能？新的数字能力与当前跨国主题和方法的蓬勃发展有何关系？数字化搜索的范围、速度和粒度如何影响我们重建超国家历史的能力？这篇文章预示着技术变革带来的新的知识生成形式。它还试图对模拟世界中的国际研究曾经需要的所有辅助学习进行核算。基于地方的跨国研究灌输了哪些知识和见解？将其抛诸脑后会带来哪些知识和政治后果？","language":"en","number":"2","journal":"The American Historical Review","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Putnam"],"firstnames":["Lara"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"April","year":"2016","note":"🏷️ /unread","keywords":"/unread","pages":"377–402","bibtex":"@article{putnam2016,\n\ttitle = {The {Transnational} and the {Text}-{Searchable}: {Digitized} {Sources} and the {Shadows} {They} {CastThe} {Transnational} and the {Text}-{Searchable}},\n\tvolume = {121},\n\tissn = {0002-8762},\n\tshorttitle = {跨国和可搜索文本：数字化资料及其投下的阴影《跨国与可搜索文本},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/121.2.377},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ahr/121.2.377},\n\tabstract = {This essay explores the consequences for historians’ research of the twinned transnational and digitized turns. The accelerating digitization of primary and secondary sources and the rise of full-text web-based search to access information within them has transformed historians’ research practice, radically diminishing the role of place-specific prior expertise as a prerequisite to discovery. Indeed, we can now find information without knowing where to look. This has incited remarkably little reflection among mainstream historians, but the consequences are profound. What has become newly possible? How do the new digital affordances relate to the current boom in transnational topics and approaches? How do the reach, speed, and granularity of digitized search impact our ability to reconstruct the supranational past? This essay heralds the novel forms of knowledge-generation made possible by technological transformations. It also attempts an accounting of all the ancillary learning that international research in an analog world once required. What kinds of knowledge and insight did place-based research across borders instill? What are the intellectual and political consequences of leaving that behind?\n\n【摘要翻译】这篇文章探讨了跨国和数字化的双重转变对历史学家研究的影响。第一手资料和第二手资料的加速数字化，以及为获取其中信息而进行的全文网络搜索的兴起，改变了历史学家的研究实践，从根本上削弱了作为发现先决条件的特定地方先验专业知识的作用。事实上，我们现在不知道去哪里找，也能找到信息。这在主流历史学家中引起的反思少之又少，但其后果却是深远的。什么成为了新的可能？新的数字能力与当前跨国主题和方法的蓬勃发展有何关系？数字化搜索的范围、速度和粒度如何影响我们重建超国家历史的能力？这篇文章预示着技术变革带来的新的知识生成形式。它还试图对模拟世界中的国际研究曾经需要的所有辅助学习进行核算。基于地方的跨国研究灌输了哪些知识和见解？将其抛诸脑后会带来哪些知识和政治后果？},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {The American Historical Review},\n\tauthor = {Putnam, Lara},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {🏷️ /unread},\n\tkeywords = {/unread},\n\tpages = {377--402},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Putnam, L."],"key":"putnam2016","id":"putnam2016","bibbaseid":"putnam-thetransnationalandthetextsearchabledigitizedsourcesandtheshadowstheycastthetransnationalandthetextsearchable-2016","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/121.2.377"},"keyword":["/unread"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2386895/collections/XHYP2IV7/items?format=bibtex&limit=100","dataSources":["L79iy7WyzCDgb996i"],"keywords":["/unread"],"search_terms":["transnational","text","searchable","digitized","sources","shadows","castthe","transnational","text","searchable","putnam"],"title":"The Transnational and the Text-Searchable: Digitized Sources and the Shadows They CastThe Transnational and the Text-Searchable","year":2016}