Star Formation Rates, Metallicities, and Stellar Masses on Kiloparsec Scales in TNG50. Qi, J., Garcia, A. M., Robinson, D., Torrey, P., Moreno, J., Green, K. N., Evans, A. S., Hemler, Z. S., Hernquist, L., & Ellison, S. L. The Astrophysical Journal, 993(1):32, November, 2025. ![Star Formation Rates, Metallicities, and Stellar Masses on Kiloparsec Scales in TNG50 [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Integral field units have extended our knowledge of galactic properties to kiloparsec (or, sometimes, even smaller) patches of galaxies. These scales are where the physics driving galaxy evolution (feedback, chemical enrichment, etc.) take place. Quantifying the spatially resolved properties of galaxies, both observationally and theoretically, is therefore critical to our understanding of galaxy evolution. To this end, we investigate spatially resolved scaling relations within galaxies of M� \textgreater 109.0 at z = 0 in IllustrisTNG. We examine both the resolved star formation main sequence (rSFMS) and the resolved mass–metallicity relation (rMZR) using 1 kpc × 1 kpc maps. We find that the rSFMS in IllustrisTNG is well described by a power law but is significantly shallower than the observed rSFMS. However, the disagreement between the rSFMS of IllustrisTNG and observations is likely driven by an overestimation of AGN feedback in IllustrisTNG for the higher-mass hosts. Conversely, the rMZR for IllustrisTNG has very good agreement with observations. Furthermore, we argue that the rSFMS is an indirect result of the Schmidt–Kennicutt law and local gas relation, which are both independent of host galaxy properties. Finally, we expand upon a localized leaky-box model to study the evolution of idealized spaxels and find that it provides a good description of these resolved relations. The degree of agreement, however, between idealized spaxels and simulated spaxels depends on the “net” outflow rate for the spaxel, and the IllustrisTNG scaling relations indicate a preference for a low net outflow rate.
@article{qi_star_2025,
title = {Star {Formation} {Rates}, {Metallicities}, and {Stellar} {Masses} on {Kiloparsec} {Scales} in {TNG50}},
volume = {993},
issn = {0004-637X, 1538-4357},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ae0622},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ae0622},
abstract = {Integral field units have extended our knowledge of galactic properties to kiloparsec (or, sometimes, even smaller) patches of galaxies. These scales are where the physics driving galaxy evolution (feedback, chemical enrichment, etc.) take place. Quantifying the spatially resolved properties of galaxies, both observationally and theoretically, is therefore critical to our understanding of galaxy evolution. To this end, we investigate spatially resolved scaling relations within galaxies of M� {\textgreater} 109.0 at z = 0 in IllustrisTNG. We examine both the resolved star formation main sequence (rSFMS) and the resolved mass–metallicity relation (rMZR) using 1 kpc × 1 kpc maps. We find that the rSFMS in IllustrisTNG is well described by a power law but is significantly shallower than the observed rSFMS. However, the disagreement between the rSFMS of IllustrisTNG and observations is likely driven by an overestimation of AGN feedback in IllustrisTNG for the higher-mass hosts. Conversely, the rMZR for IllustrisTNG has very good agreement with observations. Furthermore, we argue that the rSFMS is an indirect result of the Schmidt–Kennicutt law and local gas relation, which are both independent of host galaxy properties. Finally, we expand upon a localized leaky-box model to study the evolution of idealized spaxels and find that it provides a good description of these resolved relations. The degree of agreement, however, between idealized spaxels and simulated spaxels depends on the “net” outflow rate for the spaxel, and the IllustrisTNG scaling relations indicate a preference for a low net outflow rate.},
language = {en},
number = {1},
urldate = {2025-11-11},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
author = {Qi, Jia and Garcia, Alex M. and Robinson, Davis and Torrey, Paul and Moreno, Jorge and Green, Kara N. and Evans, Aaron S. and Hemler, Z. S. and Hernquist, Lars and Ellison, Sara L.},
month = nov,
year = {2025},
pages = {32},
}
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Quantifying the spatially resolved properties of galaxies, both observationally and theoretically, is therefore critical to our understanding of galaxy evolution. To this end, we investigate spatially resolved scaling relations within galaxies of M� \\textgreater 109.0 at z = 0 in IllustrisTNG. We examine both the resolved star formation main sequence (rSFMS) and the resolved mass–metallicity relation (rMZR) using 1 kpc × 1 kpc maps. We find that the rSFMS in IllustrisTNG is well described by a power law but is significantly shallower than the observed rSFMS. However, the disagreement between the rSFMS of IllustrisTNG and observations is likely driven by an overestimation of AGN feedback in IllustrisTNG for the higher-mass hosts. Conversely, the rMZR for IllustrisTNG has very good agreement with observations. Furthermore, we argue that the rSFMS is an indirect result of the Schmidt–Kennicutt law and local gas relation, which are both independent of host galaxy properties. Finally, we expand upon a localized leaky-box model to study the evolution of idealized spaxels and find that it provides a good description of these resolved relations. 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