@article{ WOS:000647566600002,
Author = {Qiao, Xue and Shu, Xi and Tang, Ya and Duan, Lei and Seyler, Barnabas C.
   and Guo, Hao and Xiao, Yao and Ying, Qi and Zhang, Hongliang},
Title = {{Atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the West China rain
   zone: Fluxes, concentrations, ecological risks, and source apportionment}},
Journal = {{ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2021}},
Volume = {{256}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{The West China Rain Zone (WCRZ; 25,000 km(2)) is a broad mountainous
   ecotone between the urbanized Sichuan Basin (SCB) and the rural
   Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The WCRZ is rich in biodiversity and may
   be influenced by the air pollutants transported from the SCB towards the
   QTP. As air pollution can cause adverse effects on ecosystem health,
   this study investigated the fluxes, ecological risks, and sources of
   sulfur and nitrogen deposition by using a source-oriented community
   multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model for the entire WCRZ and its
   constituent national nature reserves in 2015. Results indicate that for
   sulfur (75\%) and nitrogen (70\%), the majority of the WCRZ area had
   annual total deposition fluxes higher than their critical loads. In
   addition, the annual volume-weighted mean (VWM) total inorganic nitrogen
   (TIN) wet deposition concentrations in almost the entire WCRZ exceeded
   the standard for total nitrogen of surface water in protected areas (0.2
   mg N L-1). This exceedance is detrimental for the headwater watersheds
   that have precipitation as their sole water source. In each of the
   national nature reserves (NNRs), the average annual total deposition
   fluxes ranged between similar to 12-38 (sulfur) and similar to 15-38 kg
   S(N) ha(-1) a(-1) (nitrogen). About 40-100\% (sulfur) and 5-85\%
   (nitrogen) of the areas have annual total fluxes higher than the
   corresponding critical loads. Furthermore, the average VWM TIN
   concentration of wet deposition in each WCRZ NNR is higher than 0.2 mg N
   L-1. Therefore, sulfur and nitrogen deposition likely pose severe risks
   to some important natural ecosystems in the WCRZ. Based on the source
   apportionment results, to reduce sulfur and nitrogen deposition in the
   WCRZ, both SCB and non-SCB emissions should be controlled. In addition,
   the agricultural NH3 emissions and the industrial and power plant SO2
   and NOx emissions should be reduced by larger extents than that of other
   sectors. This study provides a basis for future atmospheric and
   ecological observations in the WCRZ.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC}},
Address = {{STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   Ying, Q (Corresponding Author), Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Qiao, Xue; Shu, Xi; Xiao, Yao, Sichuan Univ, Inst New Energy \& Low Carbon Technol, 24,South Sect One,First Ring Rd, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   Qiao, Xue; Tang, Ya, Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul \& Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   Qiao, Xue; Guo, Hao; Zhang, Hongliang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   Tang, Ya; Seyler, Barnabas C., Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture \& Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   Duan, Lei, Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat \& Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   Ying, Qi, Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Zhang, Hongliang, Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Sci \& Engn, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105569}},
Article-Number = {{105569}},
ISSN = {{0169-8095}},
EISSN = {{1873-2895}},
Keywords = {{Protected areas; National nature reserves; Wet deposition; Dry
   deposition; Critical load; Air pollution}},
Keywords-Plus = {{PARTICULATE MATTER; WET DEPOSITION; HAZE POLLUTION; AIR-POLLUTANTS;
   EMISSIONS; TRENDS; PM2.5; MODEL; SULFATE; NITRATE}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{qying@civil.tamu.edu
   zhanghl@fudan.edu.cn}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science
   Foundation of China (NSFC) {[}41929002]; Program of Introducing Talents
   of Discipline to UniversitiesMinistry of Education, China - 111 Project
   {[}B08037]; Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province
   {[}2021YFS0338S0338]}},
Funding-Text = {{Portions of this research were conducted with high-performance computing
   resources provided by the Louisiana State University (http
   ://www.hpc.lsu.edu).This study is sponsored by the National Natural
   Science Foundation of China {[}41929002], the Program of Introducing
   Talents of Discipline to Universities {[}B08037], and the Science and
   Technology Department of Sichuan Province {[}2021YFS0338S0338].}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{20}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
Journal-ISO = {{Atmos. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{RX9WK}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000647566600002}},
DA = {{2021-12-02}},
}

{"_id":"n6kZfGuTCR642sAwg","bibbaseid":"qiao-shu-tang-duan-seyler-guo-xiao-ying-etal-atmosphericdepositionofsulfurandnitrogeninthewestchinarainzonefluxesconcentrationsecologicalrisksandsourceapportionment-2021","author_short":["Qiao, X.","Shu, X.","Tang, Y.","Duan, L.","Seyler, B. C.","Guo, H.","Xiao, Y.","Ying, Q.","Zhang, H."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Qiao"],"firstnames":["Xue"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Shu"],"firstnames":["Xi"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tang"],"firstnames":["Ya"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Duan"],"firstnames":["Lei"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Seyler"],"firstnames":["Barnabas","C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Guo"],"firstnames":["Hao"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Xiao"],"firstnames":["Yao"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ying"],"firstnames":["Qi"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Zhang"],"firstnames":["Hongliang"],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the West China rain zone: Fluxes, concentrations, ecological risks, and source apportionment","journal":"ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH","year":"2021","volume":"256","month":"JUL","abstract":"The West China Rain Zone (WCRZ; 25,000 km(2)) is a broad mountainous ecotone between the urbanized Sichuan Basin (SCB) and the rural Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The WCRZ is rich in biodiversity and may be influenced by the air pollutants transported from the SCB towards the QTP. As air pollution can cause adverse effects on ecosystem health, this study investigated the fluxes, ecological risks, and sources of sulfur and nitrogen deposition by using a source-oriented community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model for the entire WCRZ and its constituent national nature reserves in 2015. Results indicate that for sulfur (75%) and nitrogen (70%), the majority of the WCRZ area had annual total deposition fluxes higher than their critical loads. In addition, the annual volume-weighted mean (VWM) total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) wet deposition concentrations in almost the entire WCRZ exceeded the standard for total nitrogen of surface water in protected areas (0.2 mg N L-1). This exceedance is detrimental for the headwater watersheds that have precipitation as their sole water source. In each of the national nature reserves (NNRs), the average annual total deposition fluxes ranged between similar to 12-38 (sulfur) and similar to 15-38 kg S(N) ha(-1) a(-1) (nitrogen). About 40-100% (sulfur) and 5-85% (nitrogen) of the areas have annual total fluxes higher than the corresponding critical loads. Furthermore, the average VWM TIN concentration of wet deposition in each WCRZ NNR is higher than 0.2 mg N L-1. Therefore, sulfur and nitrogen deposition likely pose severe risks to some important natural ecosystems in the WCRZ. Based on the source apportionment results, to reduce sulfur and nitrogen deposition in the WCRZ, both SCB and non-SCB emissions should be controlled. In addition, the agricultural NH3 emissions and the industrial and power plant SO2 and NOx emissions should be reduced by larger extents than that of other sectors. This study provides a basis for future atmospheric and ecological observations in the WCRZ.","publisher":"ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC","address":"STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA","language":"English","affiliation":"Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ying, Q (Corresponding Author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Qiao, Xue; Shu, Xi; Xiao, Yao, Sichuan Univ, Inst New Energy & Low Carbon Technol, 24,South Sect One,First Ring Rd, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. Qiao, Xue; Tang, Ya, Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. Qiao, Xue; Guo, Hao; Zhang, Hongliang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Tang, Ya; Seyler, Barnabas C., Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture & Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. Duan, Lei, Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Ying, Qi, Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Zhang, Hongliang, Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China.","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105569","article-number":"105569","issn":"0169-8095","eissn":"1873-2895","keywords":"Protected areas; National nature reserves; Wet deposition; Dry deposition; Critical load; Air pollution","keywords-plus":"PARTICULATE MATTER; WET DEPOSITION; HAZE POLLUTION; AIR-POLLUTANTS; EMISSIONS; TRENDS; PM2.5; MODEL; SULFATE; NITRATE","research-areas":"Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences","web-of-science-categories":"Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences","author-email":"qying@civil.tamu.edu zhanghl@fudan.edu.cn","researcherid-numbers":"Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012","orcid-numbers":"Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311","funding-acknowledgement":"National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41929002]; Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to UniversitiesMinistry of Education, China - 111 Project [B08037]; Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province [2021YFS0338S0338]","funding-text":"Portions of this research were conducted with high-performance computing resources provided by the Louisiana State University (http ://www.hpc.lsu.edu).This study is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [41929002], the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities [B08037], and the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province [2021YFS0338S0338].","number-of-cited-references":"49","times-cited":"0","usage-count-last-180-days":"20","usage-count-since-2013":"20","journal-iso":"Atmos. Res.","doc-delivery-number":"RX9WK","unique-id":"WOS:000647566600002","da":"2021-12-02","bibtex":"@article{ WOS:000647566600002,\nAuthor = {Qiao, Xue and Shu, Xi and Tang, Ya and Duan, Lei and Seyler, Barnabas C.\n and Guo, Hao and Xiao, Yao and Ying, Qi and Zhang, Hongliang},\nTitle = {{Atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the West China rain\n zone: Fluxes, concentrations, ecological risks, and source apportionment}},\nJournal = {{ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH}},\nYear = {{2021}},\nVolume = {{256}},\nMonth = {{JUL}},\nAbstract = {{The West China Rain Zone (WCRZ; 25,000 km(2)) is a broad mountainous\n ecotone between the urbanized Sichuan Basin (SCB) and the rural\n Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The WCRZ is rich in biodiversity and may\n be influenced by the air pollutants transported from the SCB towards the\n QTP. As air pollution can cause adverse effects on ecosystem health,\n this study investigated the fluxes, ecological risks, and sources of\n sulfur and nitrogen deposition by using a source-oriented community\n multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model for the entire WCRZ and its\n constituent national nature reserves in 2015. Results indicate that for\n sulfur (75\\%) and nitrogen (70\\%), the majority of the WCRZ area had\n annual total deposition fluxes higher than their critical loads. In\n addition, the annual volume-weighted mean (VWM) total inorganic nitrogen\n (TIN) wet deposition concentrations in almost the entire WCRZ exceeded\n the standard for total nitrogen of surface water in protected areas (0.2\n mg N L-1). This exceedance is detrimental for the headwater watersheds\n that have precipitation as their sole water source. In each of the\n national nature reserves (NNRs), the average annual total deposition\n fluxes ranged between similar to 12-38 (sulfur) and similar to 15-38 kg\n S(N) ha(-1) a(-1) (nitrogen). About 40-100\\% (sulfur) and 5-85\\%\n (nitrogen) of the areas have annual total fluxes higher than the\n corresponding critical loads. Furthermore, the average VWM TIN\n concentration of wet deposition in each WCRZ NNR is higher than 0.2 mg N\n L-1. Therefore, sulfur and nitrogen deposition likely pose severe risks\n to some important natural ecosystems in the WCRZ. Based on the source\n apportionment results, to reduce sulfur and nitrogen deposition in the\n WCRZ, both SCB and non-SCB emissions should be controlled. In addition,\n the agricultural NH3 emissions and the industrial and power plant SO2\n and NOx emissions should be reduced by larger extents than that of other\n sectors. This study provides a basis for future atmospheric and\n ecological observations in the WCRZ.}},\nPublisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC}},\nAddress = {{STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA}},\nType = {{Article}},\nLanguage = {{English}},\nAffiliation = {{Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \\& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.\n Ying, Q (Corresponding Author), Texas A\\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil \\& Environm Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.\n Qiao, Xue; Shu, Xi; Xiao, Yao, Sichuan Univ, Inst New Energy \\& Low Carbon Technol, 24,South Sect One,First Ring Rd, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.\n Qiao, Xue; Tang, Ya, Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul \\& Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.\n Qiao, Xue; Guo, Hao; Zhang, Hongliang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \\& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.\n Tang, Ya; Seyler, Barnabas C., Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture \\& Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.\n Duan, Lei, Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat \\& Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.\n Ying, Qi, Texas A\\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil \\& Environm Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.\n Zhang, Hongliang, Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Sci \\& Engn, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China.}},\nDOI = {{10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105569}},\nArticle-Number = {{105569}},\nISSN = {{0169-8095}},\nEISSN = {{1873-2895}},\nKeywords = {{Protected areas; National nature reserves; Wet deposition; Dry\n deposition; Critical load; Air pollution}},\nKeywords-Plus = {{PARTICULATE MATTER; WET DEPOSITION; HAZE POLLUTION; AIR-POLLUTANTS;\n EMISSIONS; TRENDS; PM2.5; MODEL; SULFATE; NITRATE}},\nResearch-Areas = {{Meteorology \\& Atmospheric Sciences}},\nWeb-of-Science-Categories = {{Meteorology \\& Atmospheric Sciences}},\nAuthor-Email = {{qying@civil.tamu.edu\n zhanghl@fudan.edu.cn}},\nResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012}},\nORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311}},\nFunding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science\n Foundation of China (NSFC) {[}41929002]; Program of Introducing Talents\n of Discipline to UniversitiesMinistry of Education, China - 111 Project\n {[}B08037]; Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province\n {[}2021YFS0338S0338]}},\nFunding-Text = {{Portions of this research were conducted with high-performance computing\n resources provided by the Louisiana State University (http\n ://www.hpc.lsu.edu).This study is sponsored by the National Natural\n Science Foundation of China {[}41929002], the Program of Introducing\n Talents of Discipline to Universities {[}B08037], and the Science and\n Technology Department of Sichuan Province {[}2021YFS0338S0338].}},\nNumber-of-Cited-References = {{49}},\nTimes-Cited = {{0}},\nUsage-Count-Last-180-days = {{20}},\nUsage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},\nJournal-ISO = {{Atmos. Res.}},\nDoc-Delivery-Number = {{RX9WK}},\nUnique-ID = {{WOS:000647566600002}},\nDA = {{2021-12-02}},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Qiao, X.","Shu, X.","Tang, Y.","Duan, L.","Seyler, B. C.","Guo, H.","Xiao, Y.","Ying, Q.","Zhang, H."],"key":"WOS:000647566600002","id":"WOS:000647566600002","bibbaseid":"qiao-shu-tang-duan-seyler-guo-xiao-ying-etal-atmosphericdepositionofsulfurandnitrogeninthewestchinarainzonefluxesconcentrationsecologicalrisksandsourceapportionment-2021","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["Protected areas; National nature reserves; Wet deposition; Dry deposition; Critical load; Air pollution"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://yingqi95616.ddns.net:8001/publicationlist.bib","dataSources":["kTLQ96xxQwQovcx6r","LT3gToj3w22mutXHY","MjJL6KgnAM64Por3d","SN9t6exrr8GS3PxiX"],"keywords":["protected areas; national nature reserves; wet deposition; dry deposition; critical load; air pollution"],"search_terms":["atmospheric","deposition","sulfur","nitrogen","west","china","rain","zone","fluxes","concentrations","ecological","risks","source","apportionment","qiao","shu","tang","duan","seyler","guo","xiao","ying","zhang"],"title":"Atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the West China rain zone: Fluxes, concentrations, ecological risks, and source apportionment","year":2021}