Atmospheric wet deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China. Qiao, X., Xiao, W., Jaffe, D., Kota, S. H., Ying, Q., & Tang, Y. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 511:28-36, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, APR 1, 2015.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
In the last two decades, remarkable ecological changes have been observed in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve (JNNR). Some of these changes might be related to excessive deposition of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N), but the relationship has not been quantified due to lack of monitoring data, particularly S and N deposition data. In this study, we investigated the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of S and N wet deposition in JNNR from April 2010 to May 2011. The results show that SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ concentrations in the wet deposition were 39.4-170.5,6.2-34.8, and 0.2-61.2 mu eq L-1, with annual Volume-Weighted Mean (VWM) concentrations of 70.5, 12.7,.and 13.4 mu eq L-1, respectively. Annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were 8.06, 1.29, and 139 kg S(N) ha(-1), respectively, accounting for about 90% of annual atmospheric inputs of these species at the monitoring site. The results of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis show that fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, and aged sea salt contributed to 99% and 83% of annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42- and NO3-, respectively. Agriculture alone contributed to 89% of annual wet deposition flux of NH4+. Although wet deposition in JNNR was polluted by anthropogenic acids, the acidity was largely neutralized by the Ca2+ from crust and 81% of wet deposition samples had a pH higher than 6.00. However, acid rain mainly caused by SO(4)(2-)continued to occur in the wet season, when ambient alkaline dust concentration was lower. Since anthropogenic emissions have elevated S and N deposition and caused acid rain in JNNR, further studies are needed to better quantify the regional sources and ecological effects of S and N deposition for JNNR. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
@article{ WOS:000350513900004,
Author = {Qiao, Xue and Xiao, Weiyang and Jaffe, Daniel and Kota, Sri Harsha and
   Ying, Qi and Tang, Ya},
Title = {{Atmospheric wet deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in Jiuzhaigou National
   Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China}},
Journal = {{SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{511}},
Pages = {{28-36}},
Month = {{APR 1}},
Abstract = {{In the last two decades, remarkable ecological changes have been
   observed in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve (JNNR). Some of these
   changes might be related to excessive deposition of sulfur (S) and
   nitrogen (N), but the relationship has not been quantified due to lack
   of monitoring data, particularly S and N deposition data. In this study,
   we investigated the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of S and N wet
   deposition in JNNR from April 2010 to May 2011. The results show that
   SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ concentrations in the wet deposition were
   39.4-170.5,6.2-34.8, and 0.2-61.2 mu eq L-1, with annual Volume-Weighted
   Mean (VWM) concentrations of 70.5, 12.7,.and 13.4 mu eq L-1,
   respectively. Annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were
   8.06, 1.29, and 139 kg S(N) ha(-1), respectively, accounting for about
   90\% of annual atmospheric inputs of these species at the monitoring
   site. The results of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis show
   that fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, and aged sea salt contributed
   to 99\% and 83\% of annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42- and NO3-,
   respectively. Agriculture alone contributed to 89\% of annual wet
   deposition flux of NH4+. Although wet deposition in JNNR was polluted by
   anthropogenic acids, the acidity was largely neutralized by the Ca2+
   from crust and 81\% of wet deposition samples had a pH higher than 6.00.
   However, acid rain mainly caused by SO(4)(2-)continued to occur in the
   wet season, when ambient alkaline dust concentration was lower. Since
   anthropogenic emissions have elevated S and N deposition and caused acid
   rain in JNNR, further studies are needed to better quantify the regional
   sources and ecological effects of S and N deposition for JNNR. (C) 2014
   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Tang, Y (Corresponding Author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture \& Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   Qiao, Xue; Tang, Ya, Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture \& Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   Xiao, Weiyang, Jiuzhaigou Adm Bur, Jiuzhaigou County 623407, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   Jaffe, Daniel, Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98117 USA.
   Kota, Sri Harsha; Ying, Qi, Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.028}},
ISSN = {{0048-9697}},
EISSN = {{1879-1026}},
Keywords = {{Tourism; Acid rain; Ecological impacts; World Natural Heritage Site;
   National Park; Regional air pollution}},
Keywords-Plus = {{AIR-POLLUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOIL ACIDIFICATION; REGIONAL
   TRENDS; ACID DEPOSITION; 10 SITES; PRECIPITATION; EMISSIONS; MODEL;
   FORESTS}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{tangya@scu.edu.cn}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Qiao, Xue/0000-0001-7412-5090
   Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X
   Kota, Sri/0000-0002-1977-2954}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaMinistry of Science and
   Technology, China {[}2010DFA91280]; Program of Introducing Talents of
   Discipline to Universities {[}B08037]}},
Funding-Text = {{This study is sponsored by the International Program of the Ministry of
   Science and Technology of China (2010DFA91280) and the Program of
   Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B08037). We thank
   Amanda Schmidt, Josh Schmidt, Hui Jin, Jie Du, Xiaoyan Shangguan, and
   Yan Wang for their assistance during the field sampling. We thank Thomas
   Hinckley for language editing.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
Times-Cited = {{49}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{131}},
Journal-ISO = {{Sci. Total Environ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CC6YC}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000350513900004}},
DA = {{2021-12-02}},
}

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