Atmospheric wet deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China. Qiao, X., Xiao, W., Jaffe, D., Kota, S. H., Ying, Q., & Tang, Y. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 511:28-36, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, APR 1, 2015. doi abstract bibtex In the last two decades, remarkable ecological changes have been observed in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve (JNNR). Some of these changes might be related to excessive deposition of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N), but the relationship has not been quantified due to lack of monitoring data, particularly S and N deposition data. In this study, we investigated the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of S and N wet deposition in JNNR from April 2010 to May 2011. The results show that SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ concentrations in the wet deposition were 39.4-170.5,6.2-34.8, and 0.2-61.2 mu eq L-1, with annual Volume-Weighted Mean (VWM) concentrations of 70.5, 12.7,.and 13.4 mu eq L-1, respectively. Annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were 8.06, 1.29, and 139 kg S(N) ha(-1), respectively, accounting for about 90% of annual atmospheric inputs of these species at the monitoring site. The results of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis show that fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, and aged sea salt contributed to 99% and 83% of annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42- and NO3-, respectively. Agriculture alone contributed to 89% of annual wet deposition flux of NH4+. Although wet deposition in JNNR was polluted by anthropogenic acids, the acidity was largely neutralized by the Ca2+ from crust and 81% of wet deposition samples had a pH higher than 6.00. However, acid rain mainly caused by SO(4)(2-)continued to occur in the wet season, when ambient alkaline dust concentration was lower. Since anthropogenic emissions have elevated S and N deposition and caused acid rain in JNNR, further studies are needed to better quantify the regional sources and ecological effects of S and N deposition for JNNR. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
@article{ WOS:000350513900004,
Author = {Qiao, Xue and Xiao, Weiyang and Jaffe, Daniel and Kota, Sri Harsha and
Ying, Qi and Tang, Ya},
Title = {{Atmospheric wet deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in Jiuzhaigou National
Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China}},
Journal = {{SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{511}},
Pages = {{28-36}},
Month = {{APR 1}},
Abstract = {{In the last two decades, remarkable ecological changes have been
observed in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve (JNNR). Some of these
changes might be related to excessive deposition of sulfur (S) and
nitrogen (N), but the relationship has not been quantified due to lack
of monitoring data, particularly S and N deposition data. In this study,
we investigated the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of S and N wet
deposition in JNNR from April 2010 to May 2011. The results show that
SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ concentrations in the wet deposition were
39.4-170.5,6.2-34.8, and 0.2-61.2 mu eq L-1, with annual Volume-Weighted
Mean (VWM) concentrations of 70.5, 12.7,.and 13.4 mu eq L-1,
respectively. Annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were
8.06, 1.29, and 139 kg S(N) ha(-1), respectively, accounting for about
90\% of annual atmospheric inputs of these species at the monitoring
site. The results of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis show
that fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, and aged sea salt contributed
to 99\% and 83\% of annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42- and NO3-,
respectively. Agriculture alone contributed to 89\% of annual wet
deposition flux of NH4+. Although wet deposition in JNNR was polluted by
anthropogenic acids, the acidity was largely neutralized by the Ca2+
from crust and 81\% of wet deposition samples had a pH higher than 6.00.
However, acid rain mainly caused by SO(4)(2-)continued to occur in the
wet season, when ambient alkaline dust concentration was lower. Since
anthropogenic emissions have elevated S and N deposition and caused acid
rain in JNNR, further studies are needed to better quantify the regional
sources and ecological effects of S and N deposition for JNNR. (C) 2014
Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Tang, Y (Corresponding Author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture \& Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
Qiao, Xue; Tang, Ya, Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture \& Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
Xiao, Weiyang, Jiuzhaigou Adm Bur, Jiuzhaigou County 623407, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
Jaffe, Daniel, Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98117 USA.
Kota, Sri Harsha; Ying, Qi, Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.028}},
ISSN = {{0048-9697}},
EISSN = {{1879-1026}},
Keywords = {{Tourism; Acid rain; Ecological impacts; World Natural Heritage Site;
National Park; Regional air pollution}},
Keywords-Plus = {{AIR-POLLUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOIL ACIDIFICATION; REGIONAL
TRENDS; ACID DEPOSITION; 10 SITES; PRECIPITATION; EMISSIONS; MODEL;
FORESTS}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{tangya@scu.edu.cn}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Qiao, Xue/0000-0001-7412-5090
Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X
Kota, Sri/0000-0002-1977-2954}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaMinistry of Science and
Technology, China {[}2010DFA91280]; Program of Introducing Talents of
Discipline to Universities {[}B08037]}},
Funding-Text = {{This study is sponsored by the International Program of the Ministry of
Science and Technology of China (2010DFA91280) and the Program of
Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B08037). We thank
Amanda Schmidt, Josh Schmidt, Hui Jin, Jie Du, Xiaoyan Shangguan, and
Yan Wang for their assistance during the field sampling. We thank Thomas
Hinckley for language editing.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
Times-Cited = {{49}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{131}},
Journal-ISO = {{Sci. Total Environ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CC6YC}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000350513900004}},
DA = {{2021-12-02}},
}
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{"_id":"jrE4sD5NAjvBbpbvy","bibbaseid":"qiao-xiao-jaffe-kota-ying-tang-atmosphericwetdepositionofsulfurandnitrogeninjiuzhaigounationalnaturereservesichuanprovincechina-2015","author_short":["Qiao, X.","Xiao, W.","Jaffe, D.","Kota, S. H.","Ying, Q.","Tang, Y."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Qiao"],"firstnames":["Xue"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Xiao"],"firstnames":["Weiyang"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jaffe"],"firstnames":["Daniel"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kota"],"firstnames":["Sri","Harsha"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ying"],"firstnames":["Qi"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tang"],"firstnames":["Ya"],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Atmospheric wet deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China","journal":"SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT","year":"2015","volume":"511","pages":"28-36","month":"APR 1","abstract":"In the last two decades, remarkable ecological changes have been observed in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve (JNNR). Some of these changes might be related to excessive deposition of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N), but the relationship has not been quantified due to lack of monitoring data, particularly S and N deposition data. In this study, we investigated the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of S and N wet deposition in JNNR from April 2010 to May 2011. The results show that SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ concentrations in the wet deposition were 39.4-170.5,6.2-34.8, and 0.2-61.2 mu eq L-1, with annual Volume-Weighted Mean (VWM) concentrations of 70.5, 12.7,.and 13.4 mu eq L-1, respectively. Annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were 8.06, 1.29, and 139 kg S(N) ha(-1), respectively, accounting for about 90% of annual atmospheric inputs of these species at the monitoring site. The results of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis show that fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, and aged sea salt contributed to 99% and 83% of annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42- and NO3-, respectively. Agriculture alone contributed to 89% of annual wet deposition flux of NH4+. Although wet deposition in JNNR was polluted by anthropogenic acids, the acidity was largely neutralized by the Ca2+ from crust and 81% of wet deposition samples had a pH higher than 6.00. However, acid rain mainly caused by SO(4)(2-)continued to occur in the wet season, when ambient alkaline dust concentration was lower. Since anthropogenic emissions have elevated S and N deposition and caused acid rain in JNNR, further studies are needed to better quantify the regional sources and ecological effects of S and N deposition for JNNR. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","publisher":"ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV","address":"PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS","language":"English","affiliation":"Tang, Y (Corresponding Author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture & Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. Qiao, Xue; Tang, Ya, Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture & Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. Xiao, Weiyang, Jiuzhaigou Adm Bur, Jiuzhaigou County 623407, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Jaffe, Daniel, Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98117 USA. Kota, Sri Harsha; Ying, Qi, Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.028","issn":"0048-9697","eissn":"1879-1026","keywords":"Tourism; Acid rain; Ecological impacts; World Natural Heritage Site; National Park; Regional air pollution","keywords-plus":"AIR-POLLUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOIL ACIDIFICATION; REGIONAL TRENDS; ACID DEPOSITION; 10 SITES; PRECIPITATION; EMISSIONS; MODEL; FORESTS","research-areas":"Environmental Sciences & Ecology","web-of-science-categories":"Environmental Sciences","author-email":"tangya@scu.edu.cn","orcid-numbers":"Qiao, Xue/0000-0001-7412-5090 Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X Kota, Sri/0000-0002-1977-2954","funding-acknowledgement":"Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology, China [2010DFA91280]; Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities [B08037]","funding-text":"This study is sponsored by the International Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2010DFA91280) and the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B08037). We thank Amanda Schmidt, Josh Schmidt, Hui Jin, Jie Du, Xiaoyan Shangguan, and Yan Wang for their assistance during the field sampling. We thank Thomas Hinckley for language editing.","number-of-cited-references":"51","times-cited":"49","usage-count-last-180-days":"6","usage-count-since-2013":"131","journal-iso":"Sci. Total Environ.","doc-delivery-number":"CC6YC","unique-id":"WOS:000350513900004","da":"2021-12-02","bibtex":"@article{ WOS:000350513900004,\nAuthor = {Qiao, Xue and Xiao, Weiyang and Jaffe, Daniel and Kota, Sri Harsha and\n Ying, Qi and Tang, Ya},\nTitle = {{Atmospheric wet deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in Jiuzhaigou National\n Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China}},\nJournal = {{SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}},\nYear = {{2015}},\nVolume = {{511}},\nPages = {{28-36}},\nMonth = {{APR 1}},\nAbstract = {{In the last two decades, remarkable ecological changes have been\n observed in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve (JNNR). Some of these\n changes might be related to excessive deposition of sulfur (S) and\n nitrogen (N), but the relationship has not been quantified due to lack\n of monitoring data, particularly S and N deposition data. In this study,\n we investigated the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of S and N wet\n deposition in JNNR from April 2010 to May 2011. The results show that\n SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ concentrations in the wet deposition were\n 39.4-170.5,6.2-34.8, and 0.2-61.2 mu eq L-1, with annual Volume-Weighted\n Mean (VWM) concentrations of 70.5, 12.7,.and 13.4 mu eq L-1,\n respectively. Annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were\n 8.06, 1.29, and 139 kg S(N) ha(-1), respectively, accounting for about\n 90\\% of annual atmospheric inputs of these species at the monitoring\n site. The results of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis show\n that fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, and aged sea salt contributed\n to 99\\% and 83\\% of annual wet deposition fluxes of SO42- and NO3-,\n respectively. Agriculture alone contributed to 89\\% of annual wet\n deposition flux of NH4+. Although wet deposition in JNNR was polluted by\n anthropogenic acids, the acidity was largely neutralized by the Ca2+\n from crust and 81\\% of wet deposition samples had a pH higher than 6.00.\n However, acid rain mainly caused by SO(4)(2-)continued to occur in the\n wet season, when ambient alkaline dust concentration was lower. Since\n anthropogenic emissions have elevated S and N deposition and caused acid\n rain in JNNR, further studies are needed to better quantify the regional\n sources and ecological effects of S and N deposition for JNNR. (C) 2014\n Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},\nPublisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},\nAddress = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},\nType = {{Article}},\nLanguage = {{English}},\nAffiliation = {{Tang, Y (Corresponding Author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture \\& Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.\n Qiao, Xue; Tang, Ya, Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture \\& Environm, Dept Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.\n Xiao, Weiyang, Jiuzhaigou Adm Bur, Jiuzhaigou County 623407, Sichuan, Peoples R China.\n Jaffe, Daniel, Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98117 USA.\n Kota, Sri Harsha; Ying, Qi, Texas A\\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.}},\nDOI = {{10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.028}},\nISSN = {{0048-9697}},\nEISSN = {{1879-1026}},\nKeywords = {{Tourism; Acid rain; Ecological impacts; World Natural Heritage Site;\n National Park; Regional air pollution}},\nKeywords-Plus = {{AIR-POLLUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOIL ACIDIFICATION; REGIONAL\n TRENDS; ACID DEPOSITION; 10 SITES; PRECIPITATION; EMISSIONS; MODEL;\n FORESTS}},\nResearch-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \\& Ecology}},\nWeb-of-Science-Categories = {{Environmental Sciences}},\nAuthor-Email = {{tangya@scu.edu.cn}},\nORCID-Numbers = {{Qiao, Xue/0000-0001-7412-5090\n Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X\n Kota, Sri/0000-0002-1977-2954}},\nFunding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaMinistry of Science and\n Technology, China {[}2010DFA91280]; Program of Introducing Talents of\n Discipline to Universities {[}B08037]}},\nFunding-Text = {{This study is sponsored by the International Program of the Ministry of\n Science and Technology of China (2010DFA91280) and the Program of\n Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B08037). We thank\n Amanda Schmidt, Josh Schmidt, Hui Jin, Jie Du, Xiaoyan Shangguan, and\n Yan Wang for their assistance during the field sampling. We thank Thomas\n Hinckley for language editing.}},\nNumber-of-Cited-References = {{51}},\nTimes-Cited = {{49}},\nUsage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},\nUsage-Count-Since-2013 = {{131}},\nJournal-ISO = {{Sci. Total Environ.}},\nDoc-Delivery-Number = {{CC6YC}},\nUnique-ID = {{WOS:000350513900004}},\nDA = {{2021-12-02}},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Qiao, X.","Xiao, W.","Jaffe, D.","Kota, S. 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