Verification and Validation Issues in Hypersonic Stability and Transition Prediction. Reed, H. L., Perez, E., Kuehl, J., Kocian, T., & Oliviero, N. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 52(1):29–37, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. _eprint: https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A32825doi abstract bibtex The development, validation, and introduction of physics-based approaches for stability and transition prediction will lead to smaller and more manageable uncertainties in the design of hypersonic vehicles. Through mechanism identification, verification, and validation activities for two- and three-dimensional geometries, the following have been learned in applying stability formulations: 1) Related to verification of the basic state, the acid test is to refine the basic state until the stability results do not change; 2) A good verification test for the stability formulation is to be sure the linear problem is correctly modeled; 3) In validation, it is very important to work on the same geometries computationally and experimentally and confirm them; for example, model alignment and freestream flow angularity are found to be important; 4) From verification studies on three-dimensional geometries, numerical errors, especially near the windward plane, can seed the stationary crossflow instability in the supposedly undisturbed basic state; the stationary crossflow instability is sensitive; 5) The marching path is important for three-dimensional geometries and should be in the group-velocity direction; the N factor has some uncertainty in it, and caution should be used in quoting it with precision; and 6) Nonlinear effects should be included in detailed studies of crossflow instability necessitating a nonlinear parabolized stability equation or direct numerical simulation approach.
@article{reed2015,
title = {Verification and {Validation} {Issues} in {Hypersonic} {Stability} and {Transition} {Prediction}},
volume = {52},
issn = {0022-4650},
doi = {10.2514/1.A32825},
abstract = {The development, validation, and introduction of physics-based approaches for stability and transition prediction will lead to smaller and more manageable uncertainties in the design of hypersonic vehicles. Through mechanism identification, verification, and validation activities for two- and three-dimensional geometries, the following have been learned in applying stability formulations: 1) Related to verification of the basic state, the acid test is to refine the basic state until the stability results do not change; 2) A good verification test for the stability formulation is to be sure the linear problem is correctly modeled; 3) In validation, it is very important to work on the same geometries computationally and experimentally and confirm them; for example, model alignment and freestream flow angularity are found to be important; 4) From verification studies on three-dimensional geometries, numerical errors, especially near the windward plane, can seed the stationary crossflow instability in the supposedly undisturbed basic state; the stationary crossflow instability is sensitive; 5) The marching path is important for three-dimensional geometries and should be in the group-velocity direction; the N factor has some uncertainty in it, and caution should be used in quoting it with precision; and 6) Nonlinear effects should be included in detailed studies of crossflow instability necessitating a nonlinear parabolized stability equation or direct numerical simulation approach.},
number = {1},
urldate = {2026-05-28},
journal = {Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets},
publisher = {American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics},
author = {Reed, Helen L. and Perez, Eduardo and Kuehl, Joseph and Kocian, Travis and Oliviero, Nicholas},
year = {2015},
note = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A32825},
pages = {29--37},
}
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Through mechanism identification, verification, and validation activities for two- and three-dimensional geometries, the following have been learned in applying stability formulations: 1) Related to verification of the basic state, the acid test is to refine the basic state until the stability results do not change; 2) A good verification test for the stability formulation is to be sure the linear problem is correctly modeled; 3) In validation, it is very important to work on the same geometries computationally and experimentally and confirm them; for example, model alignment and freestream flow angularity are found to be important; 4) From verification studies on three-dimensional geometries, numerical errors, especially near the windward plane, can seed the stationary crossflow instability in the supposedly undisturbed basic state; the stationary crossflow instability is sensitive; 5) The marching path is important for three-dimensional geometries and should be in the group-velocity direction; the N factor has some uncertainty in it, and caution should be used in quoting it with precision; and 6) Nonlinear effects should be included in detailed studies of crossflow instability necessitating a nonlinear parabolized stability equation or direct numerical simulation approach.","number":"1","urldate":"2026-05-28","journal":"Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets","publisher":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Reed"],"firstnames":["Helen","L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Perez"],"firstnames":["Eduardo"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kuehl"],"firstnames":["Joseph"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kocian"],"firstnames":["Travis"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Oliviero"],"firstnames":["Nicholas"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2015","note":"_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A32825","pages":"29–37","bibtex":"@article{reed2015,\n\ttitle = {Verification and {Validation} {Issues} in {Hypersonic} {Stability} and {Transition} {Prediction}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tissn = {0022-4650},\n\tdoi = {10.2514/1.A32825},\n\tabstract = {The development, validation, and introduction of physics-based approaches for stability and transition prediction will lead to smaller and more manageable uncertainties in the design of hypersonic vehicles. 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