Monitoring protected areas from space: A multi-temporal assessment using raptors as biodiversity surrogates. Regos, A., Tapia, L., Gil-Carrera, A., & Domínguez, J. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2017. Cited by: 10; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access
Monitoring protected areas from space: A multi-temporal assessment using raptors as biodiversity surrogates [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Monitoring protected areas (PAs) is essential for systematic evaluation of their effectiveness in terms of habitat protection, preservation and representativeness. This study illustrates how the use of species distribution models that combine remote sensing data and information about biodiversity surrogates can contribute to develop a systematic protocol for monitoring PAs. In particular, we assessed the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 (N2000) network, for conserving and preserving the representativeness of seven raptor species in a highly-dynamic landscape in northwest Spain between 2001 and 2014. We also evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the N2000 network by using the total area under protection as a proxy for conservation costs. Overall, the N2000 network was found to poorly represent the habitats of the raptor species. Despite the low representativeness, this network showed a high degree of effectiveness due to increased overall habitat availability for generalist and forest specialist species between 2001 and 2014. Nevertheless, additional protected areas should be established in the near future to increase their representativeness, and thus ensure the protection of open-habitat specialist species and their priority habitats. In addition, proactive conservation measures in natural and semi-natural ecosystems (in particular, montane heathlands) will be essential for long-term protection of Montagu’s harrier (species listed in the Annex I of the Bird Directive), and thus complying with the current European Environmental Legislation. This study sheds light on how the development and application of new protected area indices based on the combined use of freely-available satellite data and species distribution models may contribute substantially to the cost-efficiency of the PA monitoring systems, and to the ‘Fitness Check’ process of EU Nature Directives. © 2017 Regos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
@ARTICLE{Regos2017,
	author = {Regos, Adrián and Tapia, Luis and Gil-Carrera, Alberto and Domínguez, Jesús},
	title = {Monitoring protected areas from space: A multi-temporal assessment using raptors as biodiversity surrogates},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {12},
	number = {7},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0181769},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025176186&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0181769&partnerID=40&md5=65f6bc4962d60a3fbb1ce16268d50ead},
	affiliations = {CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Predictive Ecology Group, Campus Agrario de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antrolopoxía Fisica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Spain; InForest Joint Research Unit (CEMFOR-CTFC), Solsona, Spain; GREFA (Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat), Monte del Pilar S/N, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; EBX, Estación Biolóxica do Xurés, Vilameá, Lobios, Galicia, Spain},
	abstract = {Monitoring protected areas (PAs) is essential for systematic evaluation of their effectiveness in terms of habitat protection, preservation and representativeness. This study illustrates how the use of species distribution models that combine remote sensing data and information about biodiversity surrogates can contribute to develop a systematic protocol for monitoring PAs. In particular, we assessed the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 (N2000) network, for conserving and preserving the representativeness of seven raptor species in a highly-dynamic landscape in northwest Spain between 2001 and 2014. We also evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the N2000 network by using the total area under protection as a proxy for conservation costs. Overall, the N2000 network was found to poorly represent the habitats of the raptor species. Despite the low representativeness, this network showed a high degree of effectiveness due to increased overall habitat availability for generalist and forest specialist species between 2001 and 2014. Nevertheless, additional protected areas should be established in the near future to increase their representativeness, and thus ensure the protection of open-habitat specialist species and their priority habitats. In addition, proactive conservation measures in natural and semi-natural ecosystems (in particular, montane heathlands) will be essential for long-term protection of Montagu’s harrier (species listed in the Annex I of the Bird Directive), and thus complying with the current European Environmental Legislation. This study sheds light on how the development and application of new protected area indices based on the combined use of freely-available satellite data and species distribution models may contribute substantially to the cost-efficiency of the PA monitoring systems, and to the ‘Fitness Check’ process of EU Nature Directives. © 2017 Regos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
	keywords = {Animals; Biodiversity; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Raptors; Spain; Article; biodiversity; biological monitoring; cost effectiveness analysis; environmental monitoring; environmental protection; habitat; landscape; nonhuman; raptor; space; Spain; species distribution; animal; biodiversity; ecosystem; environmental protection; physiology; procedures; raptor},
	correspondence_address = {A. Regos; CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Predictive Ecology Group, Campus Agrario de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal; email: adrian.regos@usc.es},
	publisher = {Public Library of Science},
	issn = {19326203},
	coden = {POLNC},
	pmid = {28738072},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {PLoS ONE},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 10; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}
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