Perceiving action identity: How pianists recognize their own performances. Repp, B. H & Knoblich, G. Psychol Sci, 15(9):604-9, 2004.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Can skilled performers, such as artists or athletes, recognize the products of their own actions? We recorded 12 pianists playing 12 mostly unfamiliar musical excerpts, half of them on a silent keyboard. Several months later, we played these performances back and asked the pianists to use a 5-point scale to rate whether they thought they were the person playing each excerpt (1 = no, 5 = yes). They gave their own performances significantly higher ratings than any other pianist's performances. In two later follow-up tests, we presented edited performances from which differences in tempo, overall dynamic (i.e., intensity) level, and dynamic nuances had been removed. The pianists' ratings did not change significantly, which suggests that the remaining information (expressive timing and articulation) was sufficient for self-recognition. Absence of sound during recording had no significant effect. These results are best explained by the hypothesis that an observer's action system is most strongly activated during perception of self-produced actions.
@Article{Repp2004,
  author   = {Bruno H Repp and G\"unther Knoblich},
  journal  = {Psychol Sci},
  title    = {Perceiving action identity: {H}ow pianists recognize their own performances.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {9},
  pages    = {604-9},
  volume   = {15},
  abstract = {Can skilled performers, such as artists or athletes, recognize the
	products of their own actions? We recorded 12 pianists playing 12
	mostly unfamiliar musical excerpts, half of them on a silent keyboard.
	Several months later, we played these performances back and asked
	the pianists to use a 5-point scale to rate whether they thought
	they were the person playing each excerpt (1 = no, 5 = yes). They
	gave their own performances significantly higher ratings than any
	other pianist's performances. In two later follow-up tests, we presented
	edited performances from which differences in tempo, overall dynamic
	(i.e., intensity) level, and dynamic nuances had been removed. The
	pianists' ratings did not change significantly, which suggests that
	the remaining information (expressive timing and articulation) was
	sufficient for self-recognition. Absence of sound during recording
	had no significant effect. These results are best explained by the
	hypothesis that an observer's action system is most strongly activated
	during perception of self-produced actions.},
  doi      = {10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00727.x},
  keywords = {Action Potentials, Animals, Comparative Study, Crustacea, Nerve Net, Neurons, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Synapses, Axons, Brain Mapping, Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase, Cholera Toxin, Dendrites, Geniculate Bodies, Immunohistochemistry, Macaca mulatta, Male, Motion Perception, Neuronal Plasticity, Temporal Lobe, Vision, Low, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Adult, Americas, Analysis of Variance, Female, Hearing Impaired Persons, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Phonetics, Reading, Sign Language, Verbal Learning, Eye Movements, Time Factors, Verbal Behavior, Auditory Perception, Follow-Up Studies, Music, Psychomotor Performance, Recognition (Psychology), 15327631},
}

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