Social contact and linguistic diffusion: Hiberno-English and New World Black English

Social contact and linguistic diffusion: Hiberno-English and New World Black English. Rickford, J. R. Language, 62(2):245–289, 1986.

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The historical relation between Hiberno-English and New World Black English is a fruitful research site for exploring the interplay of internal and external factors in linguistic diffusion. A recent hypothesis that NWBE habitual be derives from HE is first assessed through attention to the history of Irish/African contact in colonial America and the Caribbean, and then critically evaluated against six alternatives. On the basis of internal and external considerations, a hypothesis which involves decreolization from creole does (be), but incorporates possible influences from Hibernian and British varieties of English, is regarded as the single most viable hypothesis. Directions for further research on this issue are indicated, and relevance to larger theoretical concerns is identified.

@article{rickford_social_1986,
	title = {Social contact and linguistic diffusion: {Hiberno}-{English} and {New} {World} {Black} {English}},
	volume = {62},
	issn = {0097-8507},
	shorttitle = {Social {Contact} and {Linguistic} {Diffusion}},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/414674},
	doi = {10.2307/414674},
	abstract = {The historical relation between Hiberno-English and New World Black English is a fruitful research site for exploring the interplay of internal and external factors in linguistic diffusion. A recent hypothesis that NWBE habitual be derives from HE is first assessed through attention to the history of Irish/African contact in colonial America and the Caribbean, and then critically evaluated against six alternatives. On the basis of internal and external considerations, a hypothesis which involves decreolization from creole does (be), but incorporates possible influences from Hibernian and British varieties of English, is regarded as the single most viable hypothesis. Directions for further research on this issue are indicated, and relevance to larger theoretical concerns is identified.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2016-09-21},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Rickford, John R.},
	year = {1986},
	keywords = {Invariant be},
	pages = {245--289},
}

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