Inductive judgments about natural categories. Rips, L. J. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14(6):665–681, Elsevier BV, 1975. doi abstract bibtex Examined the effects of semantic structure on simple inductive judgments about category members in 3 experiments with a total of 404 undergraduates. For a particular category (e.g., mammals), Ss were told that one of the species (e.g., horses) had a given property (an unknown disease) and were asked to estimate the proportion of instances in the other species that possessed the property. Results indicate that category structure–in particular, the typicality of the species–influenced Ss' judgments. Results are interpreted by models based on the assumption that when little is known about the underlying distribution of a property, Ss assume that the distribution mirrors that of better-known properties. For this reason, if Ss learn that an unknown property is possessed by a typical species (i.e., one that shares many of its properties with other category members), they are more likely to generalize than if the same fact had been learned about an atypical species.
@Article{Rips1975,
author = {Lance J. Rips},
journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior},
title = {Inductive judgments about natural categories},
year = {1975},
number = {6},
pages = {665--681},
volume = {14},
abstract = {Examined the effects of semantic structure on simple inductive judgments about category members in 3 experiments with a total of 404 undergraduates. For a particular category (e.g., mammals), Ss were told that one of the species (e.g., horses) had a given property (an unknown disease) and were asked to estimate the proportion of instances in the other species that possessed the property. Results indicate that category structure--in particular, the typicality of the species--influenced Ss' judgments. Results are interpreted by models based on the assumption that when little is known about the underlying distribution of a property, Ss assume that the distribution mirrors that of better-known properties. For this reason, if Ss learn that an unknown property is possessed by a typical species (i.e., one that shares many of its properties with other category members), they are more likely to generalize than if the same fact had been learned about an atypical species.},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5371(75)80055-7},
publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},
}
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