@article{Risitano2003,
	title = {Stability of intramolecular {DNA} quadruplexes: comparison with {DNA} duplexes.},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {0006-2960},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12767234},
	doi = {10.1021/bi026997v},
	abstract = {We have determined the stability of intramolecular quadruplexes that are formed by a variety of G-rich sequences, using oligonucleotides containing appropriately placed fluorophores and quenchers. The stability of these quadruplexes is compared with that of the DNA duplexes that are formed on addition of complementary C-rich oligonucleotides. We find that the linkers joining the G-tracts are not essential for folding and can be replaced with nonnucleosidic moieties, though their sequence composition profoundly affects quadruplex stability. Although the human telomere repeat sequence d[G(3)(TTAG(3))(3)] folds into a quadruplex structure, this forms a duplex in the presence of the complementary C-rich strand at physiological conditions. The Tetrahymena sequence d[G(4)(T(2)G(4))(3)], the sequence d[G(3)(T(2)G(3))(3)], and sequences related to regions of the c-myc promoter d(G(4)AG(4)T)(2) and d(G(4)AG(3)T)(2) preferentially adopt the quadruplex form in potassium-containing buffers, even in the presence of a 50-fold excess of their complementary C-rich strands, though the duplex predominates in the presence of sodium. The HIV integrase inhibitor d[G(3)(TG(3))(3)] forms an extremely stable quadruplex which is not affected by addition of a 50-fold excess of the complementary C-rich strand in both potassium- and sodium-containing buffers. Replacing the TTA loops of the human telomeric repeat with AAA causes a large decrease in quadruplex stability, though a sequence with AAA in the first loop and TTT in the second and third loops is slightly more stable.},
	number = {21},
	journal = {Biochemistry},
	author = {Risitano, Antonina and Fox, Keith R},
	month = jul,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12767234},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Animals, DNA, DNA: chemistry, Fluorescence, Genetic, HIV Integrase Inhibitors, HIV Integrase Inhibitors: chemistry, Humans, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Oligonucleotides, Oligonucleotides: chemistry, Promoter Regions, Protein Conformation, Protein Denaturation, Spectrometry, Telomere, Telomere: chemistry, Temperature, Tetrahymena, Tetrahymena: metabolism, Thermodynamics, Time Factors},
	pages = {6507--13},
}

{"_id":"4RzjBps39Mu5W7wHW","bibbaseid":"risitano-fox-stabilityofintramoleculardnaquadruplexescomparisonwithdnaduplexes-2003","author_short":["Risitano, A.","Fox, K. R"],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Stability of intramolecular DNA quadruplexes: comparison with DNA duplexes.","volume":"42","issn":"0006-2960","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12767234","doi":"10.1021/bi026997v","abstract":"We have determined the stability of intramolecular quadruplexes that are formed by a variety of G-rich sequences, using oligonucleotides containing appropriately placed fluorophores and quenchers. The stability of these quadruplexes is compared with that of the DNA duplexes that are formed on addition of complementary C-rich oligonucleotides. We find that the linkers joining the G-tracts are not essential for folding and can be replaced with nonnucleosidic moieties, though their sequence composition profoundly affects quadruplex stability. Although the human telomere repeat sequence d[G(3)(TTAG(3))(3)] folds into a quadruplex structure, this forms a duplex in the presence of the complementary C-rich strand at physiological conditions. The Tetrahymena sequence d[G(4)(T(2)G(4))(3)], the sequence d[G(3)(T(2)G(3))(3)], and sequences related to regions of the c-myc promoter d(G(4)AG(4)T)(2) and d(G(4)AG(3)T)(2) preferentially adopt the quadruplex form in potassium-containing buffers, even in the presence of a 50-fold excess of their complementary C-rich strands, though the duplex predominates in the presence of sodium. The HIV integrase inhibitor d[G(3)(TG(3))(3)] forms an extremely stable quadruplex which is not affected by addition of a 50-fold excess of the complementary C-rich strand in both potassium- and sodium-containing buffers. Replacing the TTA loops of the human telomeric repeat with AAA causes a large decrease in quadruplex stability, though a sequence with AAA in the first loop and TTT in the second and third loops is slightly more stable.","number":"21","journal":"Biochemistry","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Risitano"],"firstnames":["Antonina"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fox"],"firstnames":["Keith","R"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"July","year":"2003","pmid":"12767234","keywords":"#nosource, Animals, DNA, DNA: chemistry, Fluorescence, Genetic, HIV Integrase Inhibitors, HIV Integrase Inhibitors: chemistry, Humans, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Oligonucleotides, Oligonucleotides: chemistry, Promoter Regions, Protein Conformation, Protein Denaturation, Spectrometry, Telomere, Telomere: chemistry, Temperature, Tetrahymena, Tetrahymena: metabolism, Thermodynamics, Time Factors","pages":"6507–13","bibtex":"@article{Risitano2003,\n\ttitle = {Stability of intramolecular {DNA} quadruplexes: comparison with {DNA} duplexes.},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tissn = {0006-2960},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12767234},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/bi026997v},\n\tabstract = {We have determined the stability of intramolecular quadruplexes that are formed by a variety of G-rich sequences, using oligonucleotides containing appropriately placed fluorophores and quenchers. The stability of these quadruplexes is compared with that of the DNA duplexes that are formed on addition of complementary C-rich oligonucleotides. We find that the linkers joining the G-tracts are not essential for folding and can be replaced with nonnucleosidic moieties, though their sequence composition profoundly affects quadruplex stability. Although the human telomere repeat sequence d[G(3)(TTAG(3))(3)] folds into a quadruplex structure, this forms a duplex in the presence of the complementary C-rich strand at physiological conditions. The Tetrahymena sequence d[G(4)(T(2)G(4))(3)], the sequence d[G(3)(T(2)G(3))(3)], and sequences related to regions of the c-myc promoter d(G(4)AG(4)T)(2) and d(G(4)AG(3)T)(2) preferentially adopt the quadruplex form in potassium-containing buffers, even in the presence of a 50-fold excess of their complementary C-rich strands, though the duplex predominates in the presence of sodium. The HIV integrase inhibitor d[G(3)(TG(3))(3)] forms an extremely stable quadruplex which is not affected by addition of a 50-fold excess of the complementary C-rich strand in both potassium- and sodium-containing buffers. Replacing the TTA loops of the human telomeric repeat with AAA causes a large decrease in quadruplex stability, though a sequence with AAA in the first loop and TTT in the second and third loops is slightly more stable.},\n\tnumber = {21},\n\tjournal = {Biochemistry},\n\tauthor = {Risitano, Antonina and Fox, Keith R},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpmid = {12767234},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource, Animals, DNA, DNA: chemistry, Fluorescence, Genetic, HIV Integrase Inhibitors, HIV Integrase Inhibitors: chemistry, Humans, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Oligonucleotides, Oligonucleotides: chemistry, Promoter Regions, Protein Conformation, Protein Denaturation, Spectrometry, Telomere, Telomere: chemistry, Temperature, Tetrahymena, Tetrahymena: metabolism, Thermodynamics, Time Factors},\n\tpages = {6507--13},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Risitano, A.","Fox, K. 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