@article{
 title = {Capital Breeding in a Diapausing Copepod: A Transcriptomics Analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Energy resources,Gene Expression,Neocalanus flemingeri,Oogenesis,RNA-Seq},
 pages = {56},
 volume = {7},
 websites = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.00056/full},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {Frontiers},
 day = {6},
 id = {6bfc10a6-4435-3ef4-9aae-951c94ee2a93},
 created = {2020-04-29T21:57:54.675Z},
 accessed = {2020-03-06},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5db6d3e7-562f-3ec2-a249-16ecf1e747e4},
 group_id = {bbf8f605-d7c8-3b07-85eb-dbce5212cc00},
 last_modified = {2020-04-29T21:57:54.732Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
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 abstract = {Capital breeders must balance the energetic requirements of cellular function and the cost of reproduction in organisms. The subarctic copepod Neocalanus flemingeri, a small planktonic crustacean, depends on a short annual phytoplankton bloom to acquire the energy needed to support a non-feeding female adult that enters a period of diapause prior to spawning five to seven months later. After emergence from diapause, the reproductive program takes two-months starting with germline development. The relationships between energy utilization, cellular maintenance and oogenesis were investigated through gene expression profiling. The sequential up- and down-regulation of genes involved in cellular maintenance and metabolic pathways coincided with four developmental groups: diapause, emergence from diapause and early oogenesis, mid to late oogenesis, and finally spawning and end-of-life. Up-regulation of genes involved in cellular homeostasis, glycolysis and lipid catabolism as well as germline development characterized the transition from diapause to post-diapause. The down-regulation of genes involved in cellular homeostasis coincided with the up-regulation of genes related to mid-late oogenesis and protein degradation. As females started to spawn, genes involved in protein ubiquitination and programmed cell death became up-regulated. Energy allocation and utilization is highly dynamic in N. flemingeri during the non-feeding period and it is linked to the provisioning and maturation of eggs through lipid catabolism and autophagy. The data suggest the presence of a mechanism that regulates fecundity to match the availability of stored resources. Such a mechanism would minimize reproductive failure when resources and contribute to the resilience of the species.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Roncalli, Vittoria and Cieslak, Matthew C. and Hopcroft, Russell R. and Lenz, Petra H.},
 doi = {10.3389/fmars.2020.00056},
 journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science}
}

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The down-regulation of genes involved in cellular homeostasis coincided with the up-regulation of genes related to mid-late oogenesis and protein degradation. As females started to spawn, genes involved in protein ubiquitination and programmed cell death became up-regulated. Energy allocation and utilization is highly dynamic in N. flemingeri during the non-feeding period and it is linked to the provisioning and maturation of eggs through lipid catabolism and autophagy. The data suggest the presence of a mechanism that regulates fecundity to match the availability of stored resources. 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The down-regulation of genes involved in cellular homeostasis coincided with the up-regulation of genes related to mid-late oogenesis and protein degradation. As females started to spawn, genes involved in protein ubiquitination and programmed cell death became up-regulated. Energy allocation and utilization is highly dynamic in N. flemingeri during the non-feeding period and it is linked to the provisioning and maturation of eggs through lipid catabolism and autophagy. The data suggest the presence of a mechanism that regulates fecundity to match the availability of stored resources. 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