Highly sensitive Moire technique for direct and real‐time observation of electron microscopic phase objects. Ru, Q., Endo, J., & Tonomura, A. Applied Physics Letters, 60(23):2840–2842, June, 1992.
Highly sensitive Moire technique for direct and real‐time observation of electron microscopic phase objects [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
A Moire modulation which is a sine function of the phase variation of a phase object to be investigated in an interference electron microscope is proposed. When the phase variation is larger than 2π, the conventional cosine‐functioned Moire‐fringepattern is observed, and when the phase variation is very less than 2π, phase‐contrast Moire modulation which can never be achieved by the conventional Moire method is observed. The analogue and digital formations of this sine‐functioned Moire modulation in a photographic film and video camera, respectively, are presented. Real‐time observation is realized by the digital method.
@article{ru_highly_1992,
	title = {Highly sensitive {Moire} technique for direct and real‐time observation of electron microscopic phase objects},
	volume = {60},
	issn = {0003-6951, 1077-3118},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/60/23/10.1063/1.106841},
	doi = {10.1063/1.106841},
	abstract = {A Moire modulation which is a sine function of the phase variation of a phase object to be investigated in an interference electron microscope is proposed. When the phase variation is larger than 2π, the conventional cosine‐functioned Moire‐fringepattern is observed, and when the phase variation is very less than 2π, phase‐contrast Moire modulation which can never be achieved by the conventional Moire method is observed. The analogue and digital formations of this sine‐functioned Moire modulation in a photographic film and video camera, respectively, are presented. Real‐time observation is realized by the digital method.},
	number = {23},
	urldate = {2013-11-25},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	author = {Ru, Q. and Endo, J. and Tonomura, A.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1992},
	keywords = {Cameras, Cameras, ELECTRON MICROSCOPES, ELECTRON MICROSCOPES, Moire patterns, Moire patterns, Photographic film, Photographic film},
	pages = {2840--2842},
}

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