Depression as a predictor for coronary heart disease: a review and meta-analysis1. Rugulies, R. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23(1):51--61, 2002.
Depression as a predictor for coronary heart disease: a review and meta-analysis1 [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Objective: To review and quantify the impact of depression on the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in initially healthy subjects. Data sources: Cohort studies on depression and CHD were searched in MEDLINE (1966–2000) and PSYCHINFO (1887–2000), bibliographies, expert consultation, and personal reference files. Data selection: Cohort studies with clinical depression or depressive mood as the exposure, and myocardial infarction or coronary death as the outcome. Data extraction: Information on study design, sample size and characteristics, assessment of depression, outcome, number of cases, crude and most-adjusted relative risks, and variables used in multivariate adjustments were abstracted. Data synthesis: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall relative risk [RR] for the development of CHD in depressed subjects was 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.29–2.08, p<0.001). A sensitivity analysis showed that clinical depression (RR=2.69, 95% CI=1.63–4.43, p<0.001) was a stronger predictor than depressive mood (RR=1.49, 95% CI=1.16–1.92, p=0.02). Conclusion: It is concluded that depression predicts the development of CHD in initially healthy people. The stronger effect size for clinical depression compared to depressive mood points out that there might be a dose-response relationship between depression and CHD. Implications of the findings for a broader bio-psycho-social framework are discussed.
@article{rugulies_depression_2002,
	title = {Depression as a predictor for coronary heart disease: a review and meta-analysis1},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {0749-3797},
	shorttitle = {Depression as a predictor for coronary heart disease},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379702004397},
	doi = {10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00439-7},
	abstract = {Objective: To review and quantify the impact of depression on the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in initially healthy subjects.

Data sources: Cohort studies on depression and CHD were searched in MEDLINE (1966–2000) and PSYCHINFO (1887–2000), bibliographies, expert consultation, and personal reference files.

Data selection: Cohort studies with clinical depression or depressive mood as the exposure, and myocardial infarction or coronary death as the outcome.

Data extraction: Information on study design, sample size and characteristics, assessment of depression, outcome, number of cases, crude and most-adjusted relative risks, and variables used in multivariate adjustments were abstracted.

Data synthesis: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall relative risk [RR] for the development of CHD in depressed subjects was 1.64 (95\% confidence interval [CI]=1.29–2.08, p\&lt;0.001). A sensitivity analysis showed that clinical depression (RR=2.69, 95\% CI=1.63–4.43, p\&lt;0.001) was a stronger predictor than depressive mood (RR=1.49, 95\% CI=1.16–1.92, p=0.02).

Conclusion: It is concluded that depression predicts the development of CHD in initially healthy people. The stronger effect size for clinical depression compared to depressive mood points out that there might be a dose-response relationship between depression and CHD. Implications of the findings for a broader bio-psycho-social framework are discussed.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2015-08-06TZ},
	journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
	author = {Rugulies, Reiner},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Depressive Disorder, Psychology, cardiovascular disease, cohort studies, myocardial infarction, prospective studies, social},
	pages = {51--61}
}

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