The impact of dark energy on galaxy formation. What does the future of our Universe hold?. Salcido, J., Bower, R. G., Barnes, L. A., Lewis, G. F., Elahi, P. J., Theuns, T., Schaller, M., Crain, R. A., & Schaye, J. ArXiv e-prints, 1710:arXiv:1710.06861, October, 2017. Paper abstract bibtex We investigate the effect of the accelerated expansion of the Universe due to a cosmological constant, \${\textbackslash}Lambda\$, on the cosmic star formation rate. We utilise hydrodynamical simulations from the EAGLE suite, comparing a \${\textbackslash}Lambda\$CDM Universe to an Einstein-de Sitter model with \${\textbackslash}Lambda=0\$. Despite the differences in the rate of growth of structure, we find that dark energy, at its observed value, has negligible impact on star formation in the Universe. We study these effects beyond the present day by allowing the simulations to run forward into the future (\$t{\textgreater}13.8\$ Gyr). We show that the impact of \${\textbackslash}Lambda\$ becomes significant only when the Universe has already produced most of its stellar mass, only decreasing the total co-moving density of stars ever formed by \$\{{\textbackslash}approx\}15{\textbackslash}%\$. We develop a simple analytic model for the cosmic star formation rate that captures the suppression due to a cosmological constant. The main reason for the similarity between the models is that feedback from accreting black holes dramatically reduces the cosmic star formation at late times. Interestingly, simulations without feedback from accreting black holes predict an upturn in the cosmic star formation rate for \$t{\textgreater}15\$ Gyr due to the rejuvenation of massive (\$ {\textgreater} 10{\textasciicircum}\{11\} {\textbackslash}mathrm\{M\}_\{{\textbackslash}odot\}\$) galaxies. We briefly discuss the implication of the weak dependence of the cosmic star formation on \${\textbackslash}Lambda\$ in the context of the anthropic principle.
@article{salcido_impact_2017,
title = {The impact of dark energy on galaxy formation. {What} does the future of our {Universe} hold?},
volume = {1710},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017arXiv171006861S},
abstract = {We investigate the effect of the accelerated expansion of the Universe
due to a cosmological constant, \${\textbackslash}Lambda\$, on the cosmic star formation
rate. We utilise hydrodynamical simulations from the EAGLE suite,
comparing a \${\textbackslash}Lambda\$CDM Universe to an Einstein-de Sitter model with
\${\textbackslash}Lambda=0\$. Despite the differences in the rate of growth of structure,
we find that dark energy, at its observed value, has negligible impact
on star formation in the Universe. We study these effects beyond the
present day by allowing the simulations to run forward into the future
(\$t{\textgreater}13.8\$ Gyr). We show that the impact of \${\textbackslash}Lambda\$ becomes
significant only when the Universe has already produced most of its
stellar mass, only decreasing the total co-moving density of stars ever
formed by \$\{{\textbackslash}approx\}15{\textbackslash}\%\$. We develop a simple analytic model for the
cosmic star formation rate that captures the suppression due to a
cosmological constant. The main reason for the similarity between the
models is that feedback from accreting black holes dramatically reduces
the cosmic star formation at late times. Interestingly, simulations
without feedback from accreting black holes predict an upturn in the
cosmic star formation rate for \$t{\textgreater}15\$ Gyr due to the rejuvenation of
massive (\$ {\textgreater} 10{\textasciicircum}\{11\} {\textbackslash}mathrm\{M\}\_\{{\textbackslash}odot\}\$) galaxies. We briefly
discuss the implication of the weak dependence of the cosmic star
formation on \${\textbackslash}Lambda\$ in the context of the anthropic principle.},
journal = {ArXiv e-prints},
author = {Salcido, Jaime and Bower, Richard G. and Barnes, Luke A. and Lewis, Geraint F. and Elahi, Pascal J. and Theuns, Tom and Schaller, Matthieu and Crain, Robert A. and Schaye, Joop},
month = oct,
year = {2017},
keywords = {Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics},
pages = {arXiv:1710.06861},
}
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Despite the differences in the rate of growth of structure, we find that dark energy, at its observed value, has negligible impact on star formation in the Universe. We study these effects beyond the present day by allowing the simulations to run forward into the future (\\$t{\\textgreater}13.8\\$ Gyr). We show that the impact of \\${\\textbackslash}Lambda\\$ becomes significant only when the Universe has already produced most of its stellar mass, only decreasing the total co-moving density of stars ever formed by \\$\\{{\\textbackslash}approx\\}15{\\textbackslash}%\\$. We develop a simple analytic model for the cosmic star formation rate that captures the suppression due to a cosmological constant. The main reason for the similarity between the models is that feedback from accreting black holes dramatically reduces the cosmic star formation at late times. Interestingly, simulations without feedback from accreting black holes predict an upturn in the cosmic star formation rate for \\$t{\\textgreater}15\\$ Gyr due to the rejuvenation of massive (\\$ {\\textgreater} 10{\\textasciicircum}\\{11\\} {\\textbackslash}mathrm\\{M\\}_\\{{\\textbackslash}odot\\}\\$) galaxies. 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We utilise hydrodynamical simulations from the EAGLE suite,\ncomparing a \\${\\textbackslash}Lambda\\$CDM Universe to an Einstein-de Sitter model with\n\\${\\textbackslash}Lambda=0\\$. Despite the differences in the rate of growth of structure,\nwe find that dark energy, at its observed value, has negligible impact\non star formation in the Universe. We study these effects beyond the\npresent day by allowing the simulations to run forward into the future\n(\\$t{\\textgreater}13.8\\$ Gyr). We show that the impact of \\${\\textbackslash}Lambda\\$ becomes\nsignificant only when the Universe has already produced most of its\nstellar mass, only decreasing the total co-moving density of stars ever\nformed by \\$\\{{\\textbackslash}approx\\}15{\\textbackslash}\\%\\$. We develop a simple analytic model for the\ncosmic star formation rate that captures the suppression due to a\ncosmological constant. The main reason for the similarity between the\nmodels is that feedback from accreting black holes dramatically reduces\nthe cosmic star formation at late times. Interestingly, simulations\nwithout feedback from accreting black holes predict an upturn in the\ncosmic star formation rate for \\$t{\\textgreater}15\\$ Gyr due to the rejuvenation of\nmassive (\\$ {\\textgreater} 10{\\textasciicircum}\\{11\\} {\\textbackslash}mathrm\\{M\\}\\_\\{{\\textbackslash}odot\\}\\$) galaxies. 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