Microfluidic mixing using contactless dielectrophoresis. Salmanzadeh, A., Shafiee, H., Davalos, R. V., & Stremler, M. A. Electrophoresis, 32(18):2569-78, 2011. 1522-2683 Salmanzadeh, Alireza Shafiee, Hadi Davalos, Rafael V Stremler, Mark A Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Germany 2011/09/17 Electrophoresis. 2011 Sep;32(18):2569-78. doi: 10.1002/elps.201100171. Epub 2011 Aug 26.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
The first experimental evidence of mixing enhancement in a microfluidic system using contactless dielectrophoresis (cDEP) is presented in this work. Pressure-driven flow of deionized water containing 0.5 μm beads was mixed in various chamber geometries by imposing a dielectrophoresis (DEP) force on the beads. In cDEP the electrodes are not in direct contact with the fluid sample but are instead capacitively coupled to the mixing chamber through thin dielectric barriers, which eliminates many of the problems encountered with standard DEP. Four system designs with rectangular and circular mixing chambers were fabricated in PDMS. Mixing tests were conducted for flow rates from 0.005 to 1 mL/h subject to an alternating current signal range of 0-300 V at 100-600 kHz. When the time scales of the bulk fluid motion and the DEP motion were commensurate, rapid mixing was observed. The rectangular mixing chambers were found to be more efficient than the circular chambers. This approach shows potential for mixing low diffusivity biological samples, which is a very challenging problem in laminar flows at small scales.
@article{RN219,
   author = {Salmanzadeh, A. and Shafiee, H. and Davalos, R. V. and Stremler, M. A.},
   title = {Microfluidic mixing using contactless dielectrophoresis},
   journal = {Electrophoresis},
   volume = {32},
   number = {18},
   pages = {2569-78},
   note = {1522-2683
Salmanzadeh, Alireza
Shafiee, Hadi
Davalos, Rafael V
Stremler, Mark A
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Germany
2011/09/17
Electrophoresis. 2011 Sep;32(18):2569-78. doi: 10.1002/elps.201100171. Epub 2011 Aug 26.},
   abstract = {The first experimental evidence of mixing enhancement in a microfluidic system using contactless dielectrophoresis (cDEP) is presented in this work. Pressure-driven flow of deionized water containing 0.5 μm beads was mixed in various chamber geometries by imposing a dielectrophoresis (DEP) force on the beads. In cDEP the electrodes are not in direct contact with the fluid sample but are instead capacitively coupled to the mixing chamber through thin dielectric barriers, which eliminates many of the problems encountered with standard DEP. Four system designs with rectangular and circular mixing chambers were fabricated in PDMS. Mixing tests were conducted for flow rates from 0.005 to 1 mL/h subject to an alternating current signal range of 0-300 V at 100-600 kHz. When the time scales of the bulk fluid motion and the DEP motion were commensurate, rapid mixing was observed. The rectangular mixing chambers were found to be more efficient than the circular chambers. This approach shows potential for mixing low diffusivity biological samples, which is a very challenging problem in laminar flows at small scales.},
   keywords = {Electrophoresis/*methods
Equipment Design
Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/*instrumentation/*methods
Microspheres
Models, Chemical
Polystyrenes/chemistry
Water/chemistry},
   ISSN = {0173-0835},
   DOI = {10.1002/elps.201100171},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

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