@article{RN182,
   author = {Sano, M. B. and Arena, C. B. and Bittleman, K. R. and DeWitt, M. R. and Cho, H. J. and Szot, C. S. and Saur, D. and Cissell, J. M. and Robertson, J. and Lee, Y. W. and Davalos, R. V.},
   title = {Bursts of Bipolar Microsecond Pulses Inhibit Tumor Growth},
   journal = {Sci Rep},
   volume = {5},
   pages = {14999},
   note = {2045-2322
Sano, Michael B
Arena, Christopher B
Bittleman, Katelyn R
DeWitt, Matthew R
Cho, Hyung J
Szot, Christopher S
Saur, Dieter
Cissell, James M
Robertson, John
Lee, Yong W
Davalos, Rafael V
K12 GM000678/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
2015/10/16
Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 13;5:14999. doi: 10.1038/srep14999.},
   abstract = {Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging focal therapy which is demonstrating utility in the treatment of unresectable tumors where thermal ablation techniques are contraindicated. IRE uses ultra-short duration, high-intensity monopolar pulsed electric fields to permanently disrupt cell membranes within a well-defined volume. Though preliminary clinical results for IRE are promising, implementing IRE can be challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of tumor tissue and the unintended induction of muscle contractions. High-frequency IRE (H-FIRE), a new treatment modality which replaces the monopolar IRE pulses with a burst of bipolar pulses, has the potential to resolve these clinical challenges. We explored the pulse-duration space between 250 ns and 100 μs and determined the lethal electric field intensity for specific H-FIRE protocols using a 3D tumor mimic. Murine tumors were exposed to 120 bursts, each energized for 100 μs, containing individual pulses 1, 2, or 5 μs in duration. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited and all protocols were able to achieve complete regressions. The H-FIRE protocol substantially reduces muscle contractions and the therapy can be delivered without the need for a neuromuscular blockade. This work shows the potential for H-FIRE to be used as a focal therapy and merits its investigation in larger pre-clinical models.},
   keywords = {Animals
Cell Line, Tumor
Disease Models, Animal
Electroporation/*methods
Male
Mice
Neoplasms/*pathology/*therapy
Tumor Burden
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays},
   ISSN = {2045-2322},
   DOI = {10.1038/srep14999},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

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V."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sano"],"firstnames":["M.","B."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Arena"],"firstnames":["C.","B."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bittleman"],"firstnames":["K.","R."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["DeWitt"],"firstnames":["M.","R."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Cho"],"firstnames":["H.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Szot"],"firstnames":["C.","S."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Saur"],"firstnames":["D."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Cissell"],"firstnames":["J.","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Robertson"],"firstnames":["J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lee"],"firstnames":["Y.","W."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Davalos"],"firstnames":["R.","V."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Bursts of Bipolar Microsecond Pulses Inhibit Tumor Growth","journal":"Sci Rep","volume":"5","pages":"14999","note":"2045-2322 Sano, Michael B Arena, Christopher B Bittleman, Katelyn R DeWitt, Matthew R Cho, Hyung J Szot, Christopher S Saur, Dieter Cissell, James M Robertson, John Lee, Yong W Davalos, Rafael V K12 GM000678/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2015/10/16 Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 13;5:14999. doi: 10.1038/srep14999.","abstract":"Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging focal therapy which is demonstrating utility in the treatment of unresectable tumors where thermal ablation techniques are contraindicated. IRE uses ultra-short duration, high-intensity monopolar pulsed electric fields to permanently disrupt cell membranes within a well-defined volume. Though preliminary clinical results for IRE are promising, implementing IRE can be challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of tumor tissue and the unintended induction of muscle contractions. High-frequency IRE (H-FIRE), a new treatment modality which replaces the monopolar IRE pulses with a burst of bipolar pulses, has the potential to resolve these clinical challenges. We explored the pulse-duration space between 250 ns and 100 μs and determined the lethal electric field intensity for specific H-FIRE protocols using a 3D tumor mimic. Murine tumors were exposed to 120 bursts, each energized for 100 μs, containing individual pulses 1, 2, or 5 μs in duration. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited and all protocols were able to achieve complete regressions. The H-FIRE protocol substantially reduces muscle contractions and the therapy can be delivered without the need for a neuromuscular blockade. This work shows the potential for H-FIRE to be used as a focal therapy and merits its investigation in larger pre-clinical models.","keywords":"Animals Cell Line, Tumor Disease Models, Animal Electroporation/*methods Male Mice Neoplasms/*pathology/*therapy Tumor Burden Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays","issn":"2045-2322","doi":"10.1038/srep14999","year":"2015","bibtex":"@article{RN182,\n author = {Sano, M. B. and Arena, C. B. and Bittleman, K. R. and DeWitt, M. R. and Cho, H. J. and Szot, C. S. and Saur, D. and Cissell, J. M. and Robertson, J. and Lee, Y. W. and Davalos, R. V.},\n title = {Bursts of Bipolar Microsecond Pulses Inhibit Tumor Growth},\n journal = {Sci Rep},\n volume = {5},\n pages = {14999},\n note = {2045-2322\nSano, Michael B\nArena, Christopher B\nBittleman, Katelyn R\nDeWitt, Matthew R\nCho, Hyung J\nSzot, Christopher S\nSaur, Dieter\nCissell, James M\nRobertson, John\nLee, Yong W\nDavalos, Rafael V\nK12 GM000678/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States\nJournal Article\nResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't\nEngland\n2015/10/16\nSci Rep. 2015 Oct 13;5:14999. doi: 10.1038/srep14999.},\n abstract = {Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging focal therapy which is demonstrating utility in the treatment of unresectable tumors where thermal ablation techniques are contraindicated. IRE uses ultra-short duration, high-intensity monopolar pulsed electric fields to permanently disrupt cell membranes within a well-defined volume. Though preliminary clinical results for IRE are promising, implementing IRE can be challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of tumor tissue and the unintended induction of muscle contractions. High-frequency IRE (H-FIRE), a new treatment modality which replaces the monopolar IRE pulses with a burst of bipolar pulses, has the potential to resolve these clinical challenges. We explored the pulse-duration space between 250 ns and 100 μs and determined the lethal electric field intensity for specific H-FIRE protocols using a 3D tumor mimic. Murine tumors were exposed to 120 bursts, each energized for 100 μs, containing individual pulses 1, 2, or 5 μs in duration. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited and all protocols were able to achieve complete regressions. The H-FIRE protocol substantially reduces muscle contractions and the therapy can be delivered without the need for a neuromuscular blockade. This work shows the potential for H-FIRE to be used as a focal therapy and merits its investigation in larger pre-clinical models.},\n keywords = {Animals\nCell Line, Tumor\nDisease Models, Animal\nElectroporation/*methods\nMale\nMice\nNeoplasms/*pathology/*therapy\nTumor Burden\nXenograft Model Antitumor Assays},\n ISSN = {2045-2322},\n DOI = {10.1038/srep14999},\n year = {2015},\n type = {Journal Article}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Sano, M. B.","Arena, C. B.","Bittleman, K. R.","DeWitt, M. R.","Cho, H. J.","Szot, C. S.","Saur, D.","Cissell, J. M.","Robertson, J.","Lee, Y. W.","Davalos, R. 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