<i>In</i>-<i>vitro</i> bipolar nano- and microsecond electro-pulse bursts for irreversible electroporation therapies. Sano, M. B., Arena, C. B., DeWitt, M. R., Saur, D., & Davalos, R. V. BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY, 100(SI):69-79, ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND, DEC, 2014.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Under the influence of external electric fields, cells experience a rapid potential buildup across the cell membrane. Above a critical threshold of electric field strength, permanent cell damage can occur, resulting in cell death. Typical investigations of electroporation effects focus on two distinct regimes. The first uses sub-microsecond duration, high field strength pulses while the second uses longer (50 mu s +) duration, but lower field strength pulses. Here we investigate the effects of pulses between these two extremes. The charging behavior of the cell membrane and nuclear envelope is evaluated numerically in response to bipolar pulses between 250 ns and 50 mu s. Typical irreversible electroporation protocols expose cells to 90 monopolar pulses, each 100 mu s in duration with a 1 second inter-pulse delay. Here, we replace each monopolar waveform with a burst of alternating polarity pulses, while keeping the total energized time (100 mu s), burst number (80), and inter-burst delay (1 s) the same. We show that these bursts result in instantaneous and delayed cell death mechanisms and that there exists an inverse relationship between pulse-width and toxicity despite the delivery of equal quantities of energy. At 1500 V/cm only treatments with bursts containing 50 mu s pulses (2x) resulted in viability below 10%. At 4000 V/cm, bursts with 1 mu s (100 x), 2 mu s (50x), 5 mu s (20x), 10 mu s (10x), and 50 mu s (2x) duration pulses reduced viability below 10% while bursts with 500 ns (200x) and 250 ns (400x) pulses resulted in viabilities of 31% and 92%, respectively. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
@article{ WOS:000343954900010,
Author = {Sano, Michael B. and Arena, Christopher B. and DeWitt, Matthew R. and
   Saur, Dieter and Davalos, Rafael V.},
Title = {<i>In</i>-<i>vitro</i> bipolar nano- and microsecond electro-pulse
   bursts for irreversible electroporation therapies},
Journal = {BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY},
Year = {2014},
Volume = {100},
Number = {SI},
Pages = {69-79},
Month = {DEC},
Abstract = {Under the influence of external electric fields, cells experience a
   rapid potential buildup across the cell membrane. Above a critical
   threshold of electric field strength, permanent cell damage can occur,
   resulting in cell death. Typical investigations of electroporation
   effects focus on two distinct regimes. The first uses sub-microsecond
   duration, high field strength pulses while the second uses longer (50 mu
   s +) duration, but lower field strength pulses. Here we investigate the
   effects of pulses between these two extremes. The charging behavior of
   the cell membrane and nuclear envelope is evaluated numerically in
   response to bipolar pulses between 250 ns and 50 mu s. Typical
   irreversible electroporation protocols expose cells to 90 monopolar
   pulses, each 100 mu s in duration with a 1 second inter-pulse delay.
   Here, we replace each monopolar waveform with a burst of alternating
   polarity pulses, while keeping the total energized time (100 mu s),
   burst number (80), and inter-burst delay (1 s) the same. We show that
   these bursts result in instantaneous and delayed cell death mechanisms
   and that there exists an inverse relationship between pulse-width and
   toxicity despite the delivery of equal quantities of energy. At 1500
   V/cm only treatments with bursts containing 50 mu s pulses (2x) resulted
   in viability below 10\%. At 4000 V/cm, bursts with 1 mu s (100 x), 2 mu
   s (50x), 5 mu s (20x), 10 mu s (10x), and 50 mu s (2x) duration pulses
   reduced viability below 10\% while bursts with 500 ns (200x) and 250 ns
   (400x) pulses resulted in viabilities of 31\% and 92\%, respectively.
   (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA},
Address = {PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND},
Type = {Article},
Language = {English},
Affiliation = {Sano, MB (Corresponding Author), 330 ICTAS,Stanger St, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   Sano, Michael B.; Arena, Christopher B.; DeWitt, Matthew R.; Davalos, Rafael V., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   Saur, Dieter, Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.},
DOI = {10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.07.010},
ISSN = {1567-5394},
EISSN = {1878-562X},
Keywords = {High frequency; Cancer; Non-thermal; Ablation},
Keywords-Plus = {DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CELL-SURVIVAL; MOUSE MODEL; NANOSECOND; MEMBRANE;
   FIELDS; CANCER; CARCINOMA; VIVO; ABLATION},
Research-Areas = {Biochemistry \& Molecular Biology; Life Sciences \& Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Biophysics; Electrochemistry},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {Biochemistry \& Molecular Biology; Biology; Biophysics; Electrochemistry},
Author-Email = {Mikesano@stanford.edu},
Affiliations = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute \& State University; Technical University
   of Munich},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {Saur, Dieter/O-8355-2015
   Sano, Michael B/E-1715-2011
   },
ORCID-Numbers = {Saur, Dieter/0000-0001-5874-0210
   Sano, Michael/0000-0003-3823-5932},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {National Science Foundation {[}CAREER CBET-1055913, IIP-1265105];
   Directorate For Engineering; Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, \& Transp Sys
   {[}1055913] Funding Source: National Science Foundation},
Funding-Text = {This material is based upon work supported in part by the National
   Science Foundation under Awards CAREER CBET-1055913 and IIP-1265105.},
Number-of-Cited-References = {70},
Times-Cited = {84},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {2},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {47},
Journal-ISO = {Bioelectrochemistry},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {AS0GA},
Web-of-Science-Index = {Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)},
Unique-ID = {WOS:000343954900010},
DA = {2024-03-03},
}
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