@article{RN231,
   author = {Sano, M. B. and Rojas, A. D. and Gatenholm, P. and Davalos, R. V.},
   title = {Electromagnetically controlled biological assembly of aligned bacterial cellulose nanofibers},
   journal = {Ann Biomed Eng},
   volume = {38},
   number = {8},
   pages = {2475-84},
   note = {1573-9686
Sano, Michael B
Rojas, Andrea D
Gatenholm, Paul
Davalos, Rafael V
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
2010/03/20
Ann Biomed Eng. 2010 Aug;38(8):2475-84. doi: 10.1007/s10439-010-9999-0. Epub 2010 Mar 19.},
   abstract = {We have developed a new biofabrication process in which the precise control of bacterial motion is used to fabricate customizable networks of cellulose nanofibrils. This article describes how the motion of Acetobacter xylinum can be controlled by electric fields while the bacteria simultaneously produce nanocellulose, resulting in networks with aligned fibers. Since the electrolysis of water due to the application of electric fields produces the oxygen in the culture media far from the liquid-air boundary, aerobic cellulose production in 3D structures is readily achievable. Five separate sets of experiments were conducted to demonstrate the assembly of nanocellulose by A. xylinum in the presence of electric fields in micro- and macro-environments. This study demonstrates a new concept of bottom up material synthesis by the control of a biological assembly process.},
   keywords = {Air
Bacteria
Cellulose/*biosynthesis/ultrastructure
Culture Media
Electricity
Gluconacetobacter xylinus/*metabolism
*Magnetics
*Nanofibers
Oxygen/metabolism},
   ISSN = {0090-6964},
   DOI = {10.1007/s10439-010-9999-0},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

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V."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sano"],"firstnames":["M.","B."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Rojas"],"firstnames":["A.","D."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gatenholm"],"firstnames":["P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Davalos"],"firstnames":["R.","V."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Electromagnetically controlled biological assembly of aligned bacterial cellulose nanofibers","journal":"Ann Biomed Eng","volume":"38","number":"8","pages":"2475-84","note":"1573-9686 Sano, Michael B Rojas, Andrea D Gatenholm, Paul Davalos, Rafael V Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States 2010/03/20 Ann Biomed Eng. 2010 Aug;38(8):2475-84. doi: 10.1007/s10439-010-9999-0. Epub 2010 Mar 19.","abstract":"We have developed a new biofabrication process in which the precise control of bacterial motion is used to fabricate customizable networks of cellulose nanofibrils. This article describes how the motion of Acetobacter xylinum can be controlled by electric fields while the bacteria simultaneously produce nanocellulose, resulting in networks with aligned fibers. Since the electrolysis of water due to the application of electric fields produces the oxygen in the culture media far from the liquid-air boundary, aerobic cellulose production in 3D structures is readily achievable. Five separate sets of experiments were conducted to demonstrate the assembly of nanocellulose by A. xylinum in the presence of electric fields in micro- and macro-environments. This study demonstrates a new concept of bottom up material synthesis by the control of a biological assembly process.","keywords":"Air Bacteria Cellulose/*biosynthesis/ultrastructure Culture Media Electricity Gluconacetobacter xylinus/*metabolism *Magnetics *Nanofibers Oxygen/metabolism","issn":"0090-6964","doi":"10.1007/s10439-010-9999-0","year":"2010","bibtex":"@article{RN231,\n author = {Sano, M. B. and Rojas, A. D. and Gatenholm, P. and Davalos, R. V.},\n title = {Electromagnetically controlled biological assembly of aligned bacterial cellulose nanofibers},\n journal = {Ann Biomed Eng},\n volume = {38},\n number = {8},\n pages = {2475-84},\n note = {1573-9686\nSano, Michael B\nRojas, Andrea D\nGatenholm, Paul\nDavalos, Rafael V\nJournal Article\nResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't\nUnited States\n2010/03/20\nAnn Biomed Eng. 2010 Aug;38(8):2475-84. doi: 10.1007/s10439-010-9999-0. Epub 2010 Mar 19.},\n abstract = {We have developed a new biofabrication process in which the precise control of bacterial motion is used to fabricate customizable networks of cellulose nanofibrils. This article describes how the motion of Acetobacter xylinum can be controlled by electric fields while the bacteria simultaneously produce nanocellulose, resulting in networks with aligned fibers. Since the electrolysis of water due to the application of electric fields produces the oxygen in the culture media far from the liquid-air boundary, aerobic cellulose production in 3D structures is readily achievable. Five separate sets of experiments were conducted to demonstrate the assembly of nanocellulose by A. xylinum in the presence of electric fields in micro- and macro-environments. This study demonstrates a new concept of bottom up material synthesis by the control of a biological assembly process.},\n keywords = {Air\nBacteria\nCellulose/*biosynthesis/ultrastructure\nCulture Media\nElectricity\nGluconacetobacter xylinus/*metabolism\n*Magnetics\n*Nanofibers\nOxygen/metabolism},\n ISSN = {0090-6964},\n DOI = {10.1007/s10439-010-9999-0},\n year = {2010},\n type = {Journal Article}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Sano, M. B.","Rojas, A. D.","Gatenholm, P.","Davalos, R. 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