@article{sardarWelcomePostnormalTimes2010,
  title = {Welcome to Postnormal Times},
  author = {Sardar, Ziauddin},
  date = {2010-06},
  journaltitle = {Futures},
  volume = {42},
  pages = {435--444},
  issn = {0016-3287},
  doi = {10.1016/j.futures.2009.11.028},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2009.11.028},
  abstract = {All that was 'normal' has now evaporated; we have entered postnormal times, the in-between period where old orthodoxies are dying, new ones have not yet emerged, and nothing really makes sense. To have any notion of a viable future, we must grasp the significance of this period of transition which is characterised by three c's: complexity, chaos and contradictions. These forces propel and sustain postnormal times leading to uncertainty and different types of ignorance that make decision-making problematic and increase risks to individuals, society and the planet. Postnormal times demands, this paper argues, that we abandon the ideas of 'control and management', and rethink the cherished notions of progress, modernisation and efficiency. The way forward must be based on virtues of humility, modesty and accountability, the indispensible requirement of living with uncertainty, complexity and ignorance. We will have to imagine ourselves out of postnormal times and into a new age of normalcy -- with an ethical compass and a broad spectrum of imaginations from the rich diversity of human cultures.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-6230082,~to-add-doi-URL,chaos,complexity,deep-uncertainty,ethics,feedback,mitigation,non-linearity,post-normal-science,science-ethics,science-society-interface,social-system,technocracy,trade-offs,uncertainty,unknown},
  number = {5}
}

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