Origin and composition of particulate organic matter in a macrotidal turbid estuary: The Gironde Estuary, France. Savoye, N., David, V., Morisseau, F., Etcheber, H., Abril, G., Billy, I., Charlier, K., Oggian, G., Derriennic, H., & Sautour, B. 108:16–28.
Origin and composition of particulate organic matter in a macrotidal turbid estuary: The Gironde Estuary, France [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
At the interface between continent and ocean, estuaries receive particles, and especially particulate organic matter (POM) originating from these two reservoirs, but also produce POM, through autochthonous primary production. The origin and composition of surface POM in the Gironde Estuary (SW France) and the environmental forcing of its variability was investigated using the data set produced by the French Coastal Monitoring Network SOMLIT (Service d'Observation en Milieu LITtoral; monthly like sampling during years 2007–2009). This estuary is considered as a model of macrotidal turbid estuaries. Using elemental and isotopic composition of the POM, we estimated that, at the inner estuary space scale and inter-annual time scale, surface particulate organic carbon (POC) was composed of terrestrial POM originated from the turbidity maximum (96.4%; refractory POC) and flood events (1.6%; labile and refractory POC), and of riverine (0.1%), estuarine (0.8%) and marine (1.1%) phytoplankton, i.e. that POC was 98% and 2% of terrestrial and phytoplankton origin, respectively. However, there was a clear spatial gradient: the phytoplankton contribution increases from ca. 1% in the upper and middle estuary to 8.5% in the lower estuary, where light condition is more favourable to plankton growth. The low contribution of phytoplankton to the POC is a characteristic of the Gironde estuary and contrast with other large temperate estuaries. Statistical analysis indicates that salinity, river flow and SPM concentration, and thus associated hydro-dynamic and sedimentary processes, were the only environmental forcings to the composition of surface POC in this system, at intra- and inter-annual time scale. In contrast, temperature and nutrient concentrations, and thus associated processes, do not force this composition of POC. By combining POC fluxes entering the inner estuary (literature data), POC loss as dissolved organic carbon and CO2 and as sediment trapping within the inner estuary (literature data), and our estimate of the composition of POC flux at the mouth of the estuary (96% and 4% of terrestrial and phytoplankton origin), a first-order net export of POC originating from the Gironde to the continental shelf was estimated: it amounts 48,150tCyr−1, and is composed of 46,200tCyr−1 of terrestrial material and of 1950tCyr−1 of estuarine phytoplankton. POC exported by the Gironde Estuary is thus poorly bioavailable for shelf pelagic and benthic food webs.
@article{savoye_origin_2012,
	title = {Origin and composition of particulate organic matter in a macrotidal turbid estuary: The Gironde Estuary, France},
	volume = {108},
	issn = {0272-7714},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771411005191},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2011.12.005},
	series = {{ECSA} 46 Conference Proceedings},
	shorttitle = {Origin and composition of particulate organic matter in a macrotidal turbid estuary},
	abstract = {At the interface between continent and ocean, estuaries receive particles, and especially particulate organic matter ({POM}) originating from these two reservoirs, but also produce {POM}, through autochthonous primary production. The origin and composition of surface {POM} in the Gironde Estuary ({SW} France) and the environmental forcing of its variability was investigated using the data set produced by the French Coastal Monitoring Network {SOMLIT} (Service d'Observation en Milieu {LITtoral}; monthly like sampling during years 2007–2009). This estuary is considered as a model of macrotidal turbid estuaries. Using elemental and isotopic composition of the {POM}, we estimated that, at the inner estuary space scale and inter-annual time scale, surface particulate organic carbon ({POC}) was composed of terrestrial {POM} originated from the turbidity maximum (96.4\%; refractory {POC}) and flood events (1.6\%; labile and refractory {POC}), and of riverine (0.1\%), estuarine (0.8\%) and marine (1.1\%) phytoplankton, i.e. that {POC} was 98\% and 2\% of terrestrial and phytoplankton origin, respectively. However, there was a clear spatial gradient: the phytoplankton contribution increases from ca. 1\% in the upper and middle estuary to 8.5\% in the lower estuary, where light condition is more favourable to plankton growth. The low contribution of phytoplankton to the {POC} is a characteristic of the Gironde estuary and contrast with other large temperate estuaries. Statistical analysis indicates that salinity, river flow and {SPM} concentration, and thus associated hydro-dynamic and sedimentary processes, were the only environmental forcings to the composition of surface {POC} in this system, at intra- and inter-annual time scale. In contrast, temperature and nutrient concentrations, and thus associated processes, do not force this composition of {POC}. By combining {POC} fluxes entering the inner estuary (literature data), {POC} loss as dissolved organic carbon and {CO}2 and as sediment trapping within the inner estuary (literature data), and our estimate of the composition of {POC} flux at the mouth of the estuary (96\% and 4\% of terrestrial and phytoplankton origin), a first-order net export of {POC} originating from the Gironde to the continental shelf was estimated: it amounts 48,150tCyr−1, and is composed of 46,200tCyr−1 of terrestrial material and of 1950tCyr−1 of estuarine phytoplankton. {POC} exported by the Gironde Estuary is thus poorly bioavailable for shelf pelagic and benthic food webs.},
	pages = {16--28},
	journaltitle = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	shortjournal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	author = {Savoye, Nicolas and David, Valérie and Morisseau, François and Etcheber, Henri and Abril, Gwenaël and Billy, Isabelle and Charlier, Karine and Oggian, Georges and Derriennic, Hervé and Sautour, Benoît},
	urldate = {2019-04-16},
	date = {2012-08-01},
	keywords = {France, Gironde Estuary, flux of particulate organic carbon, macrotidal turbid estuary, origin and composition of particulate organic matter, δC}
}
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