Glutamate formation via the leucine-to-glutamate pathway of rat pancreas. Schachter, D. & Buteau, J. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 306(11):G938–G946, 2014. doi abstract bibtex The leucine-to-glutamate (Leu -\textbackslashtextgreater Glu) pathway, which metabolizes the carbon atoms of L-leucine to form L-glutamate, was studied by incubation of rat tissue segments with L-[U-C-14] leucine and estimation of the [C-14] glutamate formed. Metabolism of the leucine carbon chain occurs in most rat tissues, but maximal activity of the Leu -\textbackslashtextgreater Glu pathway for glutamate formation is limited to the thoracic aorta and pancreas. In rat aorta, the Leu -\textbackslashtextgreater Glu pathway functions to relax the underlying smooth muscle; its functions in the pancreas are unknown. This report characterizes the Leu -\textbackslashtextgreater Glu pathway of rat pancreas and develops methods to examine its functions. Pancreatic segments effect net formation of glutamate on incubation with L-leucine, L-glutamine, or a mix of 18 other plasma amino acids at their concentrations in normal rat plasma. Glutamate formed from leucine remains mainly in the tissue, whereas that from glutamine enters the medium. The pancreatic Leu -\textbackslashtextgreater Glu pathway uses the leucine carbons for net glutamate formation; the alpha-amino group is not used; the stoichiometry is as follows: 1 mol of leucine yields 2 mol of glutamate (2 leucine carbons per glutamate) plus 2 mol of CO2. Comparison of the Leu -\textbackslashtextgreater Glu pathway in preparations of whole pancreatic segments, isolated acini, and islets of Langerhans localizes it in the acini; relatively high activity is found in cultures of the AR42J cell line and very little in the INS-1 832/13 cell line. Pancreatic tissue glutamate concentration is homeostatically regulated in the range of similar to 1-3 mu mol/g wet wt. L-Valine and leucine ethyl, benzyl, and tertbutyl esters inhibit the Leu -\textbackslashtextgreater Glu pathway without decreasing tissue total glutamate.
@article{schachter_glutamate_2014,
title = {Glutamate formation via the leucine-to-glutamate pathway of rat pancreas},
volume = {306},
issn = {0193-1857},
doi = {10.1152/ajpgi.00394.2013},
abstract = {The leucine-to-glutamate (Leu -{\textbackslash}textgreater Glu) pathway, which metabolizes the carbon atoms of L-leucine to form L-glutamate, was studied by incubation of rat tissue segments with L-[U-C-14] leucine and estimation of the [C-14] glutamate formed. Metabolism of the leucine carbon chain occurs in most rat tissues, but maximal activity of the Leu -{\textbackslash}textgreater Glu pathway for glutamate formation is limited to the thoracic aorta and pancreas. In rat aorta, the Leu -{\textbackslash}textgreater Glu pathway functions to relax the underlying smooth muscle; its functions in the pancreas are unknown. This report characterizes the Leu -{\textbackslash}textgreater Glu pathway of rat pancreas and develops methods to examine its functions. Pancreatic segments effect net formation of glutamate on incubation with L-leucine, L-glutamine, or a mix of 18 other plasma amino acids at their concentrations in normal rat plasma. Glutamate formed from leucine remains mainly in the tissue, whereas that from glutamine enters the medium. The pancreatic Leu -{\textbackslash}textgreater Glu pathway uses the leucine carbons for net glutamate formation; the alpha-amino group is not used; the stoichiometry is as follows: 1 mol of leucine yields 2 mol of glutamate (2 leucine carbons per glutamate) plus 2 mol of CO2. Comparison of the Leu -{\textbackslash}textgreater Glu pathway in preparations of whole pancreatic segments, isolated acini, and islets of Langerhans localizes it in the acini; relatively high activity is found in cultures of the AR42J cell line and very little in the INS-1 832/13 cell line. Pancreatic tissue glutamate concentration is homeostatically regulated in the range of similar to 1-3 mu mol/g wet wt. L-Valine and leucine ethyl, benzyl, and tertbutyl esters inhibit the Leu -{\textbackslash}textgreater Glu pathway without decreasing tissue total glutamate.},
language = {English},
number = {11},
journal = {American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology},
author = {Schachter, David and Buteau, Jean},
year = {2014},
keywords = {L-glutamate, L-leucine, L-valine, amino-acids, aorta, branched-chain aminotransferase, glutaminase activity, glutathione synthesis, in-vitro, insulin-secretion, islets, leucine esters, metabolism, pancreas, regional differentiation},
pages = {G938--G946},
}
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In rat aorta, the Leu -\\textbackslashtextgreater Glu pathway functions to relax the underlying smooth muscle; its functions in the pancreas are unknown. This report characterizes the Leu -\\textbackslashtextgreater Glu pathway of rat pancreas and develops methods to examine its functions. Pancreatic segments effect net formation of glutamate on incubation with L-leucine, L-glutamine, or a mix of 18 other plasma amino acids at their concentrations in normal rat plasma. Glutamate formed from leucine remains mainly in the tissue, whereas that from glutamine enters the medium. The pancreatic Leu -\\textbackslashtextgreater Glu pathway uses the leucine carbons for net glutamate formation; the alpha-amino group is not used; the stoichiometry is as follows: 1 mol of leucine yields 2 mol of glutamate (2 leucine carbons per glutamate) plus 2 mol of CO2. Comparison of the Leu -\\textbackslashtextgreater Glu pathway in preparations of whole pancreatic segments, isolated acini, and islets of Langerhans localizes it in the acini; relatively high activity is found in cultures of the AR42J cell line and very little in the INS-1 832/13 cell line. Pancreatic tissue glutamate concentration is homeostatically regulated in the range of similar to 1-3 mu mol/g wet wt. 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Metabolism of the leucine carbon chain occurs in most rat tissues, but maximal activity of the Leu -{\\textbackslash}textgreater Glu pathway for glutamate formation is limited to the thoracic aorta and pancreas. In rat aorta, the Leu -{\\textbackslash}textgreater Glu pathway functions to relax the underlying smooth muscle; its functions in the pancreas are unknown. This report characterizes the Leu -{\\textbackslash}textgreater Glu pathway of rat pancreas and develops methods to examine its functions. Pancreatic segments effect net formation of glutamate on incubation with L-leucine, L-glutamine, or a mix of 18 other plasma amino acids at their concentrations in normal rat plasma. Glutamate formed from leucine remains mainly in the tissue, whereas that from glutamine enters the medium. 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