Quantifying Carbon Pools and Fluxes in Southern Ontario Temperate Swamps. Schmidt, M. A., Santia, V., Price, S., Khumbani, H. A. W., & Strack, M. Mires and Peat, November, 2025. Publisher: International Mire Conservation Group and International Peatland Society![Quantifying Carbon Pools and Fluxes in Southern Ontario Temperate Swamps [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Swamps are treed wetlands, which account for the highest areal extent of wetland types in Southern Ontario due to the difficulties of conversion for development and agriculture. However, little is known about the environmental factors and processes that influence carbon (C) dynamics or the resulting C stocks and fluxes therein. We studied 12 swamps across Southern Ontario for 12 consecutive months to measure the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO~2~) and methane (CH~4~) between soil and atmosphere and estimate current C stocks in soil and biomass. We found mean growing season soil respiration of CO~2~ and CH~4~ across the swamps ranged from 11 g m\textasciicircum-2\textasciicircum d\textasciicircum-1\textasciicircum to 49 g m\textasciicircum-2\textasciicircum d\textasciicircum-1\textasciicircum and -3 mg m\textasciicircum-2\textasciicircum d\textasciicircum-1\textasciicircum to 44 mg m\textasciicircum-2\textasciicircum d\textasciicircum-1\textasciicircum, respectively, with a water table threshold at about 20 cm where fluxes changed substantially. Biomass stored 7.92–37.0 kg m\textasciicircum-2\textasciicircum of C across the sites, and soil stored 11.6–35.5 kg m\textasciicircum-2\textasciicircum. Over the study year, the swamps functioned as C sinks and followed similar patterns of relationships to environmental conditions as bogs and fens, with little difference between hydrogeomorphic settings or canopy types.
@article{schmidt_quantifying_2025,
title = {Quantifying {Carbon} {Pools} and {Fluxes} in {Southern} {Ontario} {Temperate} {Swamps}},
volume = {32},
url = {https://www.mires-and-peat.net/article/151276},
doi = {10.19189/001c.151276},
abstract = {Swamps are treed wetlands, which account for the highest areal extent of wetland types in Southern Ontario due to the difficulties of conversion for development and agriculture. However, little is known about the environmental factors and processes that influence carbon (C) dynamics or the resulting C stocks and fluxes therein. We studied 12 swamps across Southern Ontario for 12 consecutive months to measure the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO{\textasciitilde}2{\textasciitilde}) and methane (CH{\textasciitilde}4{\textasciitilde}) between soil and atmosphere and estimate current C stocks in soil and biomass. We found mean growing season soil respiration of CO{\textasciitilde}2{\textasciitilde} and CH{\textasciitilde}4{\textasciitilde} across the swamps ranged from 11 g m{\textasciicircum}-2{\textasciicircum} d{\textasciicircum}-1{\textasciicircum} to 49 g m{\textasciicircum}-2{\textasciicircum} d{\textasciicircum}-1{\textasciicircum} and -3 mg m{\textasciicircum}-2{\textasciicircum} d{\textasciicircum}-1{\textasciicircum} to 44 mg m{\textasciicircum}-2{\textasciicircum} d{\textasciicircum}-1{\textasciicircum}, respectively, with a water table threshold at about 20 cm where fluxes changed substantially. Biomass stored 7.92–37.0 kg m{\textasciicircum}-2{\textasciicircum} of C across the sites, and soil stored 11.6–35.5 kg m{\textasciicircum}-2{\textasciicircum}. Over the study year, the swamps functioned as C sinks and followed similar patterns of relationships to environmental conditions as bogs and fens, with little difference between hydrogeomorphic settings or canopy types.},
language = {en},
urldate = {2026-01-21},
journal = {Mires and Peat},
author = {Schmidt, Megan A. and Santia, Veronica and Price, Samantha and Khumbani, Harry A. W. and Strack, Maria},
month = nov,
year = {2025},
note = {Publisher: International Mire Conservation Group and International Peatland Society},
keywords = {Climate Zones, NALCMS, North American Forests, Population Density},
}
Downloads: 0
{"_id":"JDwmAdYrKjRsAYmiC","bibbaseid":"schmidt-santia-price-khumbani-strack-quantifyingcarbonpoolsandfluxesinsouthernontariotemperateswamps-2025","author_short":["Schmidt, M. A.","Santia, V.","Price, S.","Khumbani, H. A. W.","Strack, M."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Quantifying Carbon Pools and Fluxes in Southern Ontario Temperate Swamps","volume":"32","url":"https://www.mires-and-peat.net/article/151276","doi":"10.19189/001c.151276","abstract":"Swamps are treed wetlands, which account for the highest areal extent of wetland types in Southern Ontario due to the difficulties of conversion for development and agriculture. However, little is known about the environmental factors and processes that influence carbon (C) dynamics or the resulting C stocks and fluxes therein. We studied 12 swamps across Southern Ontario for 12 consecutive months to measure the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO~2~) and methane (CH~4~) between soil and atmosphere and estimate current C stocks in soil and biomass. We found mean growing season soil respiration of CO~2~ and CH~4~ across the swamps ranged from 11 g m\\textasciicircum-2\\textasciicircum d\\textasciicircum-1\\textasciicircum to 49 g m\\textasciicircum-2\\textasciicircum d\\textasciicircum-1\\textasciicircum and -3 mg m\\textasciicircum-2\\textasciicircum d\\textasciicircum-1\\textasciicircum to 44 mg m\\textasciicircum-2\\textasciicircum d\\textasciicircum-1\\textasciicircum, respectively, with a water table threshold at about 20 cm where fluxes changed substantially. Biomass stored 7.92–37.0 kg m\\textasciicircum-2\\textasciicircum of C across the sites, and soil stored 11.6–35.5 kg m\\textasciicircum-2\\textasciicircum. Over the study year, the swamps functioned as C sinks and followed similar patterns of relationships to environmental conditions as bogs and fens, with little difference between hydrogeomorphic settings or canopy types.","language":"en","urldate":"2026-01-21","journal":"Mires and Peat","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Schmidt"],"firstnames":["Megan","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Santia"],"firstnames":["Veronica"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Price"],"firstnames":["Samantha"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Khumbani"],"firstnames":["Harry","A.","W."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Strack"],"firstnames":["Maria"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"November","year":"2025","note":"Publisher: International Mire Conservation Group and International Peatland Society","keywords":"Climate Zones, NALCMS, North American Forests, Population Density","bibtex":"@article{schmidt_quantifying_2025,\n\ttitle = {Quantifying {Carbon} {Pools} and {Fluxes} in {Southern} {Ontario} {Temperate} {Swamps}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\turl = {https://www.mires-and-peat.net/article/151276},\n\tdoi = {10.19189/001c.151276},\n\tabstract = {Swamps are treed wetlands, which account for the highest areal extent of wetland types in Southern Ontario due to the difficulties of conversion for development and agriculture. However, little is known about the environmental factors and processes that influence carbon (C) dynamics or the resulting C stocks and fluxes therein. We studied 12 swamps across Southern Ontario for 12 consecutive months to measure the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO{\\textasciitilde}2{\\textasciitilde}) and methane (CH{\\textasciitilde}4{\\textasciitilde}) between soil and atmosphere and estimate current C stocks in soil and biomass. We found mean growing season soil respiration of CO{\\textasciitilde}2{\\textasciitilde} and CH{\\textasciitilde}4{\\textasciitilde} across the swamps ranged from 11 g m{\\textasciicircum}-2{\\textasciicircum} d{\\textasciicircum}-1{\\textasciicircum} to 49 g m{\\textasciicircum}-2{\\textasciicircum} d{\\textasciicircum}-1{\\textasciicircum} and -3 mg m{\\textasciicircum}-2{\\textasciicircum} d{\\textasciicircum}-1{\\textasciicircum} to 44 mg m{\\textasciicircum}-2{\\textasciicircum} d{\\textasciicircum}-1{\\textasciicircum}, respectively, with a water table threshold at about 20 cm where fluxes changed substantially. Biomass stored 7.92–37.0 kg m{\\textasciicircum}-2{\\textasciicircum} of C across the sites, and soil stored 11.6–35.5 kg m{\\textasciicircum}-2{\\textasciicircum}. Over the study year, the swamps functioned as C sinks and followed similar patterns of relationships to environmental conditions as bogs and fens, with little difference between hydrogeomorphic settings or canopy types.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2026-01-21},\n\tjournal = {Mires and Peat},\n\tauthor = {Schmidt, Megan A. and Santia, Veronica and Price, Samantha and Khumbani, Harry A. W. and Strack, Maria},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tnote = {Publisher: International Mire Conservation Group and International Peatland Society},\n\tkeywords = {Climate Zones, NALCMS, North American Forests, Population Density},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","author_short":["Schmidt, M. A.","Santia, V.","Price, S.","Khumbani, H. A. W.","Strack, M."],"key":"schmidt_quantifying_2025","id":"schmidt_quantifying_2025","bibbaseid":"schmidt-santia-price-khumbani-strack-quantifyingcarbonpoolsandfluxesinsouthernontariotemperateswamps-2025","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://www.mires-and-peat.net/article/151276"},"keyword":["Climate Zones","NALCMS","North American Forests","Population Density"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/NAAtlas2024","dataSources":["qLjf8q88GSLZ5dAmC"],"keywords":["climate zones","nalcms","north american forests","population density"],"search_terms":["quantifying","carbon","pools","fluxes","southern","ontario","temperate","swamps","schmidt","santia","price","khumbani","strack"],"title":"Quantifying Carbon Pools and Fluxes in Southern Ontario Temperate Swamps","year":2025}