Critical behavior of the q-state clock model in three dimensions. Scholten, P. D. & Irakliotis, L. J. Physical Review B, 48(2):1291–1294, July, 1993.
Critical behavior of the q-state clock model in three dimensions [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Monte Carlo simulation was used to study the critical behavior of the q-state clock model in three dimensions. The q-state clock model serves as a bridge between the Ising model (q=2) and the continuous XY model (q=∞). For all values of q the clock models have second-order phase transitions with critical temperatures in the range bounded by those of the Ising and XY models. However, for 5\textlessq\textless24 the clock models exhibit low-temperature single-spin excitations that are not present in the other models. The case of q=6 was used to study these features in detail.
@article{scholten_critical_1993-1,
	title = {Critical behavior of the q-state clock model in three dimensions},
	volume = {48},
	url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.48.1291},
	doi = {10/d25dd6},
	abstract = {Monte Carlo simulation was used to study the critical behavior of the q-state clock model in three dimensions. The q-state clock model serves as a bridge between the Ising model (q=2) and the continuous XY model (q=∞). For all values of q the clock models have second-order phase transitions with critical temperatures in the range bounded by those of the Ising and XY models. However, for 5{\textless}q{\textless}24 the clock models exhibit low-temperature single-spin excitations that are not present in the other models. The case of q=6 was used to study these features in detail.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2018-11-01},
	journal = {Physical Review B},
	author = {Scholten, P. D. and Irakliotis, L. J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {1993},
	pages = {1291--1294}
}

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