Buoy-based detection of low-energy cosmic-ray neutrons to monitor the influence of atmospheric, geomagnetic, and heliospheric effects. Schrön, M., Rasche, D., Weimar, J., Köhli, M. O., Herbst, K., Boehrer, B., Hertle, L., Kögler, S., & Zacharias, S. December, 2023. ![Buoy-based detection of low-energy cosmic-ray neutrons to monitor the influence of atmospheric, geomagnetic, and heliospheric effects [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Cosmic radiation on Earth responds to heliospheric, geomagnetic, atmospheric, and lithospheric changes. In order to use its signal for soil hydrological monitoring, the signal of thermal and epithermal neutron detectors needs to be corrected for external influencing factors. However, theories about the neutron response to soil water, air pressure, air humidity, and incoming cosmic radiation are still under debate. To challenge these theories, we isolated the neutron response from almost any terrestrial changes by operating bare and moderated neutron detectors in a buoy on a lake in Germany from July 15 to December 02, 2014. We found that the count rate over water has been better predicted by a recent theory compared to the traditional approach. We further found strong linear correlation parameters to air pressure and air humidity for epithermal neutrons, while thermal neutrons responded differently. Correction for incoming radiation proved to be necessary for both thermal and epithermal neutrons, for which we tested different neutron monitors and correction methods. Here, the conventional approach worked best with the Jungfraujoch monitor in Switzerland, while the approach from a recent study was able to adequately rescale data from more remote neutron monitors. However, no approach was able to sufficiently remove the signal from a major Forbush decrease event, to which thermal and epithermal neutrons showed a comparatively strong response. The buoy detector experiment provided a unique dataset for empirical testing of traditional and new theories on CRNS. It could serve as a local alternative to reference data from remote neutron monitors.
@misc{schron_buoy-based_2023,
title = {Buoy-based detection of low-energy cosmic-ray neutrons to monitor the influence of atmospheric, geomagnetic, and heliospheric effects},
url = {https://www.authorea.com/users/76472/articles/695074-buoy-based-detection-of-low-energy-cosmic-ray-neutrons-to-monitor-the-influence-of-atmospheric-geomagnetic-and-heliospheric-effects?commit=40122804b18211f8e16402b9c5949d53490b8b5e},
doi = {10.22541/au.170319441.16528907/v1},
abstract = {Cosmic radiation on Earth responds to heliospheric, geomagnetic,
atmospheric, and lithospheric changes. In order to use its signal for
soil hydrological monitoring, the signal of thermal and epithermal
neutron detectors needs to be corrected for external influencing
factors. However, theories about the neutron response to soil water, air
pressure, air humidity, and incoming cosmic radiation are still under
debate. To challenge these theories, we isolated the neutron response
from almost any terrestrial changes by operating bare and moderated
neutron detectors in a buoy on a lake in Germany from July 15 to
December 02, 2014. We found that the count rate over water has been
better predicted by a recent theory compared to the traditional
approach. We further found strong linear correlation parameters to air
pressure and air humidity for epithermal neutrons, while thermal
neutrons responded differently. Correction for incoming radiation proved
to be necessary for both thermal and epithermal neutrons, for which we
tested different neutron monitors and correction methods. Here, the
conventional approach worked best with the Jungfraujoch monitor in
Switzerland, while the approach from a recent study was able to
adequately rescale data from more remote neutron monitors. However, no
approach was able to sufficiently remove the signal from a major Forbush
decrease event, to which thermal and epithermal neutrons showed a
comparatively strong response. The buoy detector experiment provided a
unique dataset for empirical testing of traditional and new theories on
CRNS. It could serve as a local alternative to reference data from
remote neutron monitors.},
urldate = {2024-11-15},
publisher = {Preprints},
author = {Schrön, Martin and Rasche, Daniel and Weimar, Jannis and Köhli, Markus Otto and Herbst, Konstantin and Boehrer, Bertram and Hertle, Lasse and Kögler, Simon and Zacharias, Steffen},
month = dec,
year = {2023},
}
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In order to use its signal for soil hydrological monitoring, the signal of thermal and epithermal neutron detectors needs to be corrected for external influencing factors. However, theories about the neutron response to soil water, air pressure, air humidity, and incoming cosmic radiation are still under debate. To challenge these theories, we isolated the neutron response from almost any terrestrial changes by operating bare and moderated neutron detectors in a buoy on a lake in Germany from July 15 to December 02, 2014. We found that the count rate over water has been better predicted by a recent theory compared to the traditional approach. We further found strong linear correlation parameters to air pressure and air humidity for epithermal neutrons, while thermal neutrons responded differently. Correction for incoming radiation proved to be necessary for both thermal and epithermal neutrons, for which we tested different neutron monitors and correction methods. Here, the conventional approach worked best with the Jungfraujoch monitor in Switzerland, while the approach from a recent study was able to adequately rescale data from more remote neutron monitors. However, no approach was able to sufficiently remove the signal from a major Forbush decrease event, to which thermal and epithermal neutrons showed a comparatively strong response. The buoy detector experiment provided a unique dataset for empirical testing of traditional and new theories on CRNS. It could serve as a local alternative to reference data from remote neutron monitors.","urldate":"2024-11-15","publisher":"Preprints","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Schrön"],"firstnames":["Martin"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Rasche"],"firstnames":["Daniel"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Weimar"],"firstnames":["Jannis"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Köhli"],"firstnames":["Markus","Otto"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Herbst"],"firstnames":["Konstantin"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Boehrer"],"firstnames":["Bertram"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hertle"],"firstnames":["Lasse"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kögler"],"firstnames":["Simon"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Zacharias"],"firstnames":["Steffen"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"December","year":"2023","bibtex":"@misc{schron_buoy-based_2023,\n\ttitle = {Buoy-based detection of low-energy cosmic-ray neutrons to monitor the influence of atmospheric, geomagnetic, and heliospheric effects},\n\turl = {https://www.authorea.com/users/76472/articles/695074-buoy-based-detection-of-low-energy-cosmic-ray-neutrons-to-monitor-the-influence-of-atmospheric-geomagnetic-and-heliospheric-effects?commit=40122804b18211f8e16402b9c5949d53490b8b5e},\n\tdoi = {10.22541/au.170319441.16528907/v1},\n\tabstract = {Cosmic radiation on Earth responds to heliospheric, geomagnetic,\natmospheric, and lithospheric changes. In order to use its signal for\nsoil hydrological monitoring, the signal of thermal and epithermal\nneutron detectors needs to be corrected for external influencing\nfactors. However, theories about the neutron response to soil water, air\npressure, air humidity, and incoming cosmic radiation are still under\ndebate. To challenge these theories, we isolated the neutron response\nfrom almost any terrestrial changes by operating bare and moderated\nneutron detectors in a buoy on a lake in Germany from July 15 to\nDecember 02, 2014. We found that the count rate over water has been\nbetter predicted by a recent theory compared to the traditional\napproach. We further found strong linear correlation parameters to air\npressure and air humidity for epithermal neutrons, while thermal\nneutrons responded differently. Correction for incoming radiation proved\nto be necessary for both thermal and epithermal neutrons, for which we\ntested different neutron monitors and correction methods. 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