Nine new twin pairs with esophageal atresia: a review of the literature and performance of a twin study of the disorder. Schulz, A. C., Bartels, E., Stressig, R., Ritgen, J., Schmiedeke, E., Mattheisen, M., Draaken, M., Ludwig, M., Bagci, S., Müller, A., Gembruch, U., Geipel, A., Berg, C., Heydweiller, A., Bachour, H., Schumacher, J., Bartmann, P., Nöthen, M. M., & Reutter, H. Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology, 94(3):182–186, March, 2012.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
BACKGROUND: Isolated esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital malformation whose etiology remains largely unknown. Nine twin pairs with EA were identified from our clinical service, prompting the performance of a systematic review of the literature and the first reported twin study of isolated EA. METHODS: A total of 330 twin pairs with EA were identified from the literature. The zygosity, concordance, and malformation (isolated vs. nonisolated) status of all 339 twin pairs were evaluated. A total of 72 twin pairs (4 of 9 / 68 of 330) fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in a classic twin study of isolated EA. RESULTS: The pairwise concordance rates were 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34-66%) for monozygous (MZ) twin pairs and 26% (95% CI, 15-42%) for dizygous (DZ) twin pairs (p = 0.033). The probandwise concordance rates were 67% (95% CI, 53-78%) for MZ twin pairs and 42% (95% CI, 29-56%) for DZ twin pairs (p = 0.011). The MZ/DZ ratios were 1.9 for pairwise analysis and 1.6 for probandwise analysis. The familial risk ratios for MZ and DZ twin pairs were 1700 and 900, respectively. CONCLUSION: The observation of higher concordance rates for MZ compared to DZ twin pairs indicates that genetic factors contribute to isolated EA.
@article{schulz_nine_2012,
	title = {Nine new twin pairs with esophageal atresia: a review of the literature and performance of a twin study of the disorder},
	volume = {94},
	issn = {1542-0760},
	shorttitle = {Nine new twin pairs with esophageal atresia},
	doi = {10.1002/bdra.22879},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Isolated esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital malformation whose etiology remains largely unknown. Nine twin pairs with EA were identified from our clinical service, prompting the performance of a systematic review of the literature and the first reported twin study of isolated EA.
METHODS: A total of 330 twin pairs with EA were identified from the literature. The zygosity, concordance, and malformation (isolated vs. nonisolated) status of all 339 twin pairs were evaluated. A total of 72 twin pairs (4 of 9 / 68 of 330) fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in a classic twin study of isolated EA.
RESULTS: The pairwise concordance rates were 50\% (95\% confidence interval [CI], 34-66\%) for monozygous (MZ) twin pairs and 26\% (95\% CI, 15-42\%) for dizygous (DZ) twin pairs (p = 0.033). The probandwise concordance rates were 67\% (95\% CI, 53-78\%) for MZ twin pairs and 42\% (95\% CI, 29-56\%) for DZ twin pairs (p = 0.011). The MZ/DZ ratios were 1.9 for pairwise analysis and 1.6 for probandwise analysis. The familial risk ratios for MZ and DZ twin pairs were 1700 and 900, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The observation of higher concordance rates for MZ compared to DZ twin pairs indicates that genetic factors contribute to isolated EA.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology},
	author = {Schulz, Anna Carina and Bartels, Enrika and Stressig, Rüdiger and Ritgen, Jochen and Schmiedeke, Eberhard and Mattheisen, Manuel and Draaken, Markus and Ludwig, Michael and Bagci, Soyhan and Müller, Andreas and Gembruch, Ulrich and Geipel, Annegret and Berg, Christoph and Heydweiller, Andreas and Bachour, Haitham and Schumacher, Johannes and Bartmann, Peter and Nöthen, Markus M. and Reutter, Heiko},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {Diseases in Twins, Esophageal Atresia, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic},
	pages = {182--186},
}

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