@article{
 title = {Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three-dimensional space. I. Relations between single cell discharge and direction of movement},
 type = {article},
 year = {1988},
 keywords = {Animals,Arm,Carpus, Animal,Electromyography,Macaca mulatta/physiology,Macaca/physiology,Male,Models, Neurological,Motor Cortex/cytology/physiology,Movement,Neurons/physiology,Psychomotor Performance/physiology,Reaction Time,Regression Analysis},
 pages = {2913-2927},
 volume = {8},
 id = {4a8e9b14-6f4d-34a2-a9f8-cb190a906c6c},
 created = {2017-09-01T15:54:32.099Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {80da7853-f7b7-36a9-8e4c-d7ddb2d9e538},
 group_id = {a2333ea3-15a4-3d40-8d36-f0d9590ca926},
 last_modified = {2017-09-01T15:54:32.217Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 language = {eng},
 abstract = {We describe the relations between the neuronal activity in primate motor cortex and the direction of arm movement in three-dimensional (3-D) space. The electrical signs of discharge of 568 cells were recorded while monkeys made movements of equal amplitude from the same starting position to 8 visual targets in a reaction time task. The layout of the targets in 3-D space was such that the direction of the movement ranged over the whole 3-D directional continuum in approximately equal angular intervals. We found that the discharge rate of 475/568 (83.6%) cells varied in an orderly fashion with the direction of movement: discharge rate was highest with movements in a certain direction (the cell's "preferred direction") and decreased progressively with movements in other directions, as a function of the cosine of the angle formed by the direction of the movement and the cell's preferred direction. The preferred directions of different cells were distributed throughout 3-D space. These findings generalize to 3-D space previous results obtained in 2-D space (Georgopoulos et al., 1982) and suggest that the motor cortex is a nodal point in the construction of patterns of output signals specifying the direction of arm movement in extrapersonal space.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schwartz, A. and Kettner, R. and Georgopoulos, A.},
 number = {8}
}

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