Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: Evidence of predator classification and semantic communication. Seyfarth, R., Cheney, D., & Marler, P Science, 210(4471):801-3, 1980.
abstract   bibtex   
Vervet monkeys give different alarm calls to different predators. Recordings of the alarms played back when predators were absent caused the monkeys to run into trees for leopard alarms, look up for eagle alarms, and look down for snake alarms. Adults call primarily to leopards, martial eagles, and pythons, but infants give leopard alarms to various mammals, eagle alarms to many birds, and snake alarms to various snakelike objects. Predator classification improves with age and experience.
@Article{Seyfarth1980,
  author   = {RM Seyfarth and DL Cheney and P Marler},
  journal  = {Science},
  title    = {Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: {E}vidence of predator classification and semantic communication.},
  year     = {1980},
  number   = {4471},
  pages    = {801-3},
  volume   = {210},
  abstract = {Vervet monkeys give different alarm calls to different predators.
	Recordings of the alarms played back when predators were absent caused
	the monkeys to run into trees for leopard alarms, look up for eagle
	alarms, and look down for snake alarms. Adults call primarily to
	leopards, martial eagles, and pythons, but infants give leopard alarms
	to various mammals, eagle alarms to many birds, and snake alarms
	to various snakelike objects. Predator classification improves with
	age and experience.},
  keywords = {Animals, Wild, Botswana, Cognition, Family, Female, Hierarchy, Social, Language, Papio, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Social Dominance, Vocalization, Animal, Analysis of Variance, Appetitive Behavior, Attention, Birds, Discrimination (Psychology), Learning, Non-P.H.S., Social Behavior, Social Facilitation, Transfer (Psychology), Male, Pair Bond, Primates, Social Perception, Acoustic Stimulation, Acoustics, Auditory Perception, Brain, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Songbirds, Animal Migration, Biological Clocks, Calibration, Flight, Geography, Magnetics, Orientation, Solar System, Environment, Grooming, Kenya, Reproduction, Social Support, Survival Rate, Judgment, Macaca mulatta, Videotape Recording, Visual Perception, Comparative Study, Evolution, Fishes, Intelligence, Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Mathematics, Random Allocation, Spatial Behavior, Animal Communication, Cercopithecidae, Fear, Predatory Behavior, 7433999},
}

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