@article{sgourev_when_2017,
	title = {When too many are not enough: {Human} resource slack and performance at the {Dutch} {East} {India} {Company} (1700–1795)},
	volume = {70},
	issn = {0018-7267},
	shorttitle = {When too many are not enough},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726717691340},
	doi = {10.1177/0018726717691340},
	abstract = {Slack is an elusive concept in organizational research, with studies documenting a variety of relationships between slack and firm performance. We advocate treating slack not as a resource, but as a practice – a sequence of events and responses over time. A longitudinal analysis of the Dutch East India Company (1700–1795) highlights the use of slack as a response to a resource constraint (the shortage of skilled labor). After documenting the negative performance effects of skill shortage, we identify a trade-off in the use of human resource slack (number of sailors above what is operationally required), in which slack enhanced operational reliability, but reduced efficiency. Derived from a historical context, this trade-off has contemporary relevance and is helpful in reconciling contradictory evidence on slack.},
	language = {en},
	number = {11},
	urldate = {2019-09-26},
	journal = {Human Relations},
	author = {Sgourev, Stoyan V and van Lent, Wim},
	month = nov,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1293--1315},
}

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