@article{shanower_effect_1993,
	title = {Effect of temperature on development rates, fecundity \& longevity of the groundnut leaf miner, {Aproaerema} modicella ({Lepidoptera}: {Gelechiidae}), in {India}},
	volume = {83},
	issn = {0007-4853, 1475-2670},
	shorttitle = {Effect of temperature on development rates, fecundity \& longevity of the groundnut leaf miner, {Aproaerema} modicella ({Lepidoptera}},
	url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0007485300029321},
	doi = {10.1017/S0007485300029321},
	abstract = {Threshold temperatures, growth rates and physiological development times were calculated for the egg, larval and pupal stages of the groundnut leaf-miner, Aproaerema modicella (Deventer), a key pest of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and soyabean (Glycine max) in India. The life cycle of Aproaerema modicella required 660 degree-days (DD) above threshold temperatures (12.4°C for eggs, 11.3° for larvae and 14.7° for pupae). A function fitted to the adult longevity and fecundity data describes the effect of temperature and female age on fecundity. Egg production was greatest at 30°C and declined at lower and higher temperatures. Head capsule width measurements indicated that five larval instars are typical in India. The results obtained are discussed in the context of earlier work.},
	language = {en},
	number = {03},
	urldate = {2017-08-31},
	journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research},
	author = {Shanower, Thomas G. and Gutierrez, Andrew P. and Wightman, John A.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1993},
	pages = {413}
}

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