@article{ Sheliga_etal94,
  author = {Sheliga, B. M. and Riggio, L. and Rizzolatti, G. },
  title = {{O}rienting of attention and eye movements},
  journal = {Exp Brain Res},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {98},
  pages = {507--522},
  abstract = {According to the premotor theory of attention, the mechanisms responsible
	for spatial attention and the mechanisms involved in programming
	ocular saccades are basically the same. The aim of the present experiments
	was to test this claim. In experiment 1 subjects were presented with
	a visual display consisting of a fixation point and four boxes arranged
	horizontally and located above the fixation cross. Two of the boxes
	were in the left visual hemifield, two in the right. A fifth box
	was located on the vertical meridian below the fixation cross. Digit
	cues indicated in which of the upper boxes the imperative stimulus
	was most likely to appear. Subjects were instructed to direct attention
	to the cued box and to perform a saccadic eye movement to the lower
	box on presentation of the imperative stimulus. The trajectory of
	the saccades deviated contralateral to the hemifield in which the
	imperative stimulus was presented. This deviation was larger when
	the hemifield where the imperative stimulus was presented was the
	cued one. In experiment 2, the visual display consisted of five boxes
	forming a cross. The central box served as a fixation point. The
	cue was a small line, linked to the central box, pointing to different
	directions and indicating where the visual imperative stimulus would
	appear. In 50% of trials, the imperative stimulus was a visual stimulus
	presented either in one of the lateral boxes or in the central one.
	In the remaining 50% of trials, the imperative stimulus was a non-lateralised
	sound. Half the subjects were instructed to make a saccade to the
	upper box at the presentation of the visual imperative stimulus and
	to the lower box at the presentation of the acoustic stimulus. Half
	the subjects received the opposite instructions. The results confirmed
	that the saccades deviate contralateral to the hemifield of stimulus
	presentation in the case of visual imperative stimuli. Most importantly,
	they showed that the saccades deviate contralateral to the cued hemifield,
	also in the case of acoustic imperative stimuli. Experiment 3 was
	similar to experiment 2. It confirmed the results of that experiment
	and showed that slow ocular drifts, which are observed in the time
	interval between cue and imperative stimulus presentation, cannot
	explain the ocular deviations. Taken together, the experiments demonstrate
	that spatial attention allocation leads to an activation of oculomotor
	circuits, in spite of eye immobility.}
}