@Article{RSM:Sic91,
  author =       "S. Sicouri and C. Antzelevitch",
  title =        "A subpopulation of cells with unique
                 electrophysiological properties in the deep
                 subepicardium of the canine ventricle: {T}he {M}
                 cell.",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "68",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1729--41",
  robnote =      "Recent studies have shown that canine ventricular
                 epicardium and endocardium differ with respect to
                 electrophysiological characteristics and
                 pharmacological responsiveness and that these
                 differences are in large part due to the presence of a
                 prominent transient outward current Ito and a
                 spike-and-dome morphology of the action potential in
                 epicardium but not endocardium. In attempting to
                 quantitate these differences and assess their gradation
                 across the ventricular wall, we encountered a
                 subpopulation of cells in the deep subepicardial layers
                 with electrophysiological characteristics different
                 from those of either epicardium or endocardium. These
                 cells, which we have termed M cells, display a
                 spike-and-dome morphology typical of epicardium but a
                 maximal rate of rise of the action potential upstroke
                 that is considerably greater than that of either
                 epicardium or endocardium. LQTS No hard copy",
}

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