On a common circle: Natural scenes and Gestalt rules. Sigman, M, Cecchi, G., Gilbert, C., & Magnasco, M. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98(4):1935-40, 2001.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
To understand how the human visual system analyzes images, it is essential to know the structure of the visual environment. In particular, natural images display consistent statistical properties that distinguish them from random luminance distributions. We have studied the geometric regularities of oriented elements (edges or line segments) present in an ensemble of visual scenes, asking how much information the presence of a segment in a particular location of the visual scene carries about the presence of a second segment at different relative positions and orientations. We observed strong long-range correlations in the distribution of oriented segments that extend over the whole visual field. We further show that a very simple geometric rule, cocircularity, predicts the arrangement of segments in natural scenes, and that different geometrical arrangements show relevant differences in their scaling properties. Our results show similarities to geometric features of previous physiological and psychophysical studies. We discuss the implications of these findings for theories of early vision.
@Article{Sigman2001,
  author   = {M Sigman and GA Cecchi and CD Gilbert and MO Magnasco},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {On a common circle: {N}atural scenes and {G}estalt rules.},
  year     = {2001},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {1935-40},
  volume   = {98},
  abstract = {To understand how the human visual system analyzes images, it is essential
	to know the structure of the visual environment. In particular, natural
	images display consistent statistical properties that distinguish
	them from random luminance distributions. We have studied the geometric
	regularities of oriented elements (edges or line segments) present
	in an ensemble of visual scenes, asking how much information the
	presence of a segment in a particular location of the visual scene
	carries about the presence of a second segment at different relative
	positions and orientations. We observed strong long-range correlations
	in the distribution of oriented segments that extend over the whole
	visual field. We further show that a very simple geometric rule,
	cocircularity, predicts the arrangement of segments in natural scenes,
	and that different geometrical arrangements show relevant differences
	in their scaling properties. Our results show similarities to geometric
	features of previous physiological and psychophysical studies. We
	discuss the implications of these findings for theories of early
	vision.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.031571498},
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